EL PENSAMIENTO ECONÓMICO EN SU CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO: UNA REVISIÓN DEL SIGLO XVIII
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Abstract
El siglo XVIII pasa de un estado de estancamiento económico, ocurrido en el siglo pasado, provocado por la inflación galopante, el cambio climático y la Guerra de los Treinta Años, a un estado de crecimiento económico basado en el crecimiento demográfico, la expansión bancaria, comercial y agrícola. Estos cambios fundaron los elementos tecnológicos y sociales necesarios para una era de industrialización que tomaría forma en el próximo siglo. Dentro de este contexto histórico, aparecen los fundamentos del pensamiento económico clásico, representado por Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, etc. El escrito realiza un análisis bibliográfico y hermenéutico del pensamiento económico del siglo dieciocho mediante, por un lado, la revisión de los aportes teóricos de estos pensadores y las conclusiones más importantes realizadas por académicos posteriores, por otro lado, la interpretación teórica de los fundamentos del pensamiento económico del siglo XVIII. Este análisis se construye a partir de seis argumentos: la ley y el orden natural, los ingresos, el valor del trabajo, el comercio, la demografía y la libertad. El objetivo del escrito es presentar los argumentos de los pensadores más importantes del siglo XVIII como fundamento de una modernidad caracterizada por el crecimiento económico y basada en la libertad de mercado.
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