Submissions

Author Guidelines

The Editorial Team will accept manuscripts whose topics are related to scientific research papers, bibliographic reviews and reflections. More than four authors should not sign the manuscripts. The rest of the participants must appear in the AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS section, which must be included between the final text and the bibliographical references.

Structure and content of a manuscript to be sent to the Chakiñan Journal.

The format of the WORD template is compulsory is compulsory for authors who are interested in submitting their manuscripts in the Chakiñan Journal. The Editorial Team recalls that in case of failure to comply with each one of the rules stipulated below, your document may be rejected in the first instance.

The Chakiñan Journal accepts three types of manuscripts, namely: research, literature review and reflection. The type of paper must be indicated in the second line of the WORD template. A typical organizational structure is established based on the IMRD format (Introduction, Methodology, Results, and Discussion), which is complemented with the title, summary, keywords, conclusions, and bibliographic references to conform to the manuscript as a whole.

Hereunder, to facilitate the authors' work, the content of each of the parts is briefly described:  

TITLE. The title should be a phrase that contains the essential concepts and ideas of the manuscript; it must be meaningful and concise, with a maximum of 15 words. It must include the fundamental terms of the paper. It must not be a two-way phrase, a literary expression, a stanza of a song, etc. It should not contain abbreviations or symbols, except for mathematical and chemical manuscripts, where it is sometimes inevitable. In this regard, several authors advise to elaborate the title from the objective, to guarantee the discursive coherence and the link with the central scientific result.

SUMMARY. It is a synthesis of the manuscript. It is essential because it is what appears in the bibliographic databases and what moves the reader to continue reading and to quote or not to quote the paper. The content of the summary should include a brief reference on the importance of the study and the context of the research (why was it done?). The objective of the investigation that gave rise to the manuscript (for what?). The methodology used (how was the study executed?). It must also cover the main result that the researcher(s) obtained (what was the impact?). It is written in a single paragraph; it essentially condenses the content of the manuscript and does not include citations. The Chakiñan Journal accepts a maximum of 200 words in the summary.

KEYWORDS. The keywords usually contain from three to five words or short phrases, which condense the most important topics presented in the article. To choose keywords, the words a user would employ to find an article through a search engine must be thought. These names must be chosen according to the terms utilized in the professional environment of the subject matter and must be in a natural and frequently used language; therefore, "new." words should not be used (words proposed to describe new algorithms, products, theories, so forth.)

These words are used by the bibliographic services to classify the investigative work under a particular index or topic. They facilitate the inclusion of the manuscript in international databases and are utilized by search engines such as PsycINFO, Google Scholar, among others, to find articles with specific topics. In this way, a paper with the right keywords can be easily found through these databases. For this reason, in the case of Social Sciences and Humanities, the selection of keywords should be governed by Descriptors such as the UNESCO http://skos.um.es/unescothes/?l=es, the OECD Macrothesaurus Chapter Headings https://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/oecd-macroth/es/, or the one established by the Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) https://www.bartoc.org/es/node/933.

The title, summary, and keywords are sources of information for retrieving papers in the databases.

INTRODUCTION

In this part, two essential questions must be answered. The first: why has this research been done? And what is the problem that must be solved? For that purpose, it is necessary to explain the background and the current state that constitutes a problematic situation, with brief notes on the state of the art. In this sense, the authors must declare their assumption on a theory that serves as the foundation, as well as the author(s) who support thereof. Additionally, the creators of the manuscript must indicate whether they build a theoretical perspective or scientific contribution, the objective of the study that gave rise to the paper, as well as the importance of it. The introduction will be brief, with a maximum extension of 10% of the total of the manuscript. It should also mention strictly relevant references. Neither data nor conclusions should be included.

METHODOLOGY

This section answers the question How was the problem studied? For the Chakiñan Journal, in this part, it is considered significant that the authors declare the type of manuscript they are handling (research, bibliographic review, reflection, or discussion). If it is a research manuscript, the author must specify the type of research that served as the basis for the manuscript, the paradigm the paper responded. The kind of design employed (referring, in all cases, to the source utilized for classification). The place of research, population size and sample, type and sampling technique employed, and instruments for data collection, analysis, and processing. Besides, for any manuscript, it should be explained how the study was conducted, the followed order, logic, or procedure, the used methodology, the theory, or the theoretical support the authors utilized to redact this segment plus the materials, experiences, studies, and methods. This treatment is of vital importance because it allows other researchers to reproduce in different contexts the study effectuated. 

For the preparation of a paper, the authors must demonstrate their adherence to the Ethics of Social Science research, developed in the 1970s, as an extension of a debate that began in the field of bioethics in Western Europe and the United States during the Second World War. According to international standards, the authors who submit their work to Chakiñan must comply the following principles: an informed consent, anonymity and confidentiality in order to avoid harming participants and demonstrate special attention when conducting studies with populations.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The extension of this part is approximately 70% of the total paper. In the Chakiñan Journal, Results and Discussion form a unique section that contains the essence of the essay, the chief scientific result that was expressed as an aspiration in the objective. This section answers the questions: what was it found? And what do these findings mean? They can be data, interpretations, comments, which in any case have to be very clear and concise and can be presented in the form of lists, tables, graphs, and images, whose data must be explained in the text. When the investigative work consists of comparing their results with those obtained by other authors, the origin of the correlated data must be indicated. When the statistical analysis is included, the results must establish the statistical difference among variables. 

Furthermore, the meaning of the obtained results is described around what is known concerning the subject under investigation. It must be discussed whether the proposed hypothesis, if formulated, is verified or rejected. The new and possibly essential findings of the study should be emphasized. The limitations of experimental methods should be discussed, as well as the possible implications for future research. When appropriate, the clinical relevance of the results should be included. In this part, the results obtained must be contrasted with those reported by other similar investigations.

CONCLUSIONS. They express the synthesis of the main result obtained by the research process or study carried out. They are a consequence thereof, and hence the conclusions are directly related to the proposed objective. In no case, they are statements of principles or truths established before the study, but they are derived from it.

DECLARATION OF CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS. The authors must declare that there is no conflict of interest (COI), which may have influenced the presented results. For this, authors must pursue the guideline included in the submission preparation checklist that appears in the make a submission section, on the website of this journal.

The authors must communicate in a written form whether there is any personal or financial relationship between the authors of the manuscript and people or public or private entities, from which a possible conflict of interest (COI) could derive. This antecedent must be highly valued because the disrespect thereof could improperly influence the appreciation of a manuscript.

A potential conflict of interest (COI) may arise from different types of past or present relationships, such as: being employed by the organization referred to in the manuscript. Consulting services in which the author(s) intervened and through which the data were obtained. Ownership of shares, remuneration, a testimony of a paid expert, applications/registrations for patents and scholarships or other financing and others, that could provoke an unintended bias in the research work of the signatories of the manuscript.

Authors must declare conflicts of interests (COI) at two different times and in different parts related to the manuscript submission process:

1. A summary of the conflict of interest (COI). If there is no conflict of interest, "DECLARATION OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST must be reported: The authors assert that they have no conflicts of interest." If there is a conflict of interest, it must be declared. In case of acceptance of the manuscript, this declaration will be published in conjunction with the paper.

2. Mark the named item in the "Submission Preparation Checklist" "In the manuscript, there is no Conflict of Interest (COI), or if it exists, the COI has been duly declared." Potential Conflicts of Interests must be declared on both sides.

The non-declaration of Conflicts of Interests (COI) may lead to the immediate rejection of a manuscript. If an undisclosed conflict of interest (COI) comes to light after publication, the Chakiñan Journal will take action in accordance with the COPE guidelines and will issue a public notification to the community.

What does a Conflict of Interest consist of?

There is a possible conflict of interest when a researcher, author, editor, or reviewer has any opinion or financial/personal interest that could affect their objectivity, or inappropriately influence their actions, compromising trust in the research and spreading biased results.

The Conflicts of Interests (COI) constitute conditions in which the professional judgment about the primary interest (publication of an article), can be influenced by a secondary interest of financial, professional, or personal nature. So, these interests can bias the generation of a complete, objective, and highly-qualified manuscript (any of the four types mentioned early), peer review, or the decision making during the editorial process.

Presenting all Conflicts of Interest is a requirement to contribute to transparency in research. The declaration of COI does not imply that scientific misconduct exists or has existed. The non-declaration of the COI may lead to the immediate rejection of a manuscript.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT: In the case of several authors, the name of each author and their specific contribution to the scientific manuscript must be written, based on what is expressed in the CRediT Taxonomy (Contributor Roles Taxonomy). By this, various roles that the authors may have in the final work are recognized, from the original idea to data collection, writing, financing, and analysis, thus making the information on the contribution of each of the authors more transparent. In this sense, the corresponding author of the paper is responsible for the accuracy of this information, which will be published in the final version of the article.

CRediT is an advanced tool that many international scientific and academic editorials have adopted for academic-scientific publication management. The use of taxonomy provides greater transparency to collaboration among authors, as it clarifies the contribution of each author in the publication. It also promotes increased impact and visibility and encourages scientific collaboration by recognizing who has the knowledge and expertise.

As shown below, CRediT conceives 14 roles which authors can fulfill while defining their contribution to the scientific article. Seen in this light, the same author can play several roles, in turn, the roles that do not apply in each case can be excluded.

Project administration: Management and coordination of the planning and execution of the research activity.

Acquisition of funds: Acquisition of financial support for the project that led to this publication.

Formal analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize data of studies. 

Conceptualization: Ideas, formulation, or development of objectives and general goals in the investigation.

Data Curation: Management activities related to annotating (producing metadata), deleting, and maintaining research data, in phases of use and reuse (including writing software code, where these activities are necessary to interpret the data itself). 

Research: Development of a research process, specifically, experiments or data collection/tests.

Methodology: Development or design of methodology, creation of models.

Resources: Provision of study materials, materials of any kind, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computer resources, or other analysis tools.

Redaction-original draft: Preparation, creation, and/or presentation of the published work, specifically, the redaction of the initial draft (this includes if relevant in terms of the volume of the translated text, the translation work).

Redaction-revision and edition: Preparation, creation, and/or presentation of the published work by those of the research group, specifically, the critical review, comments, or revisions, including the stages before or after publication.

Software: Programming, software development, software design, implementation of computer code and supporting algorithms, tests of existing code components.

Supervision: Responsibility for the supervision and leadership of the planning and execution of the research activity, including external tutoring.

Validation: Verification, either as part of the activity or separately, of the general replication/reproducibility of the results/experiments and other research results.

Visualization: Preparation, creation, and/or presentation of published work, specifically, the visualization/presentation of data.

The conceived roles in the taxonomy include traditional authorship roles, but are not limited to them, and are not intended to define authorship, but rather to capture the wide spectrum of activities that must be carried out to produce scientific publications.

Below is an illustrative example of how the aforementioned statement should be redacted. In the case of an article written by four authors, where the contribution of each one in the process of research and preparation of the article is described, as well as the acknowledgment to two collaborating institutions and three advisers and reviewers, who have contributed, but not enough to be included as authors, the initials that correspond to the name of each author are used; full names (first and second name; first and second last name) must appear in the submitted manuscripts.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The first author is the corresponding author of the article. The other authors have been ordered according to their participation. The contribution of each author is mentioned using the CRediT Taxonomy hereunder.

• G.C.: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project Management, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Redaction-original draft, Redaction-review and editing.
• H.L.: Conceptualization, formal analysis, methodology, redaction-review and editing.
• M.A.: Research, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Redaction-review.
• F.G.: Research, Formal Analysis, Methodology.

The authors are grateful for the support provided by X University, the Z Research Center, and especially: H.B., D.S., and F.R., that provided advice during the research process and critically reviewed the results, but are not responsible for the content of this article.

More information on this can be found at http://credit.niso.org/

ETHICS COMMITTEE APPROVAL STATEMENT: In the case of research articles - where the researcher or researchers intervene in an institution, community, etc., and people are the object of research or are the object of the application of instruments-, permission, and approval of the respective authorities and the Ethics Committee of the institution responsible for the research must be obtained. To this end, the following note must be included as evidence that the ethics of research in Social Sciences is fulfilled: "ETHICS COMMITTEE APPROVAL STATEMENT: The authors declare that the research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the responsible institution, insofar as it involved human beings.”

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: This journal recommends that authors deposit the data obtained from the research carried out for the preparation of their article in repositories of recognized prestige, both discipline-specific and general, provided that personal and sensitive data are protected. The aim of this policy is to promote scientific development and ensure that research can be validated, replicated and analyzed for other studies. To achieve this, it is necessary that all the data used are available and without access restrictions.

For this purpose, this journal adopts the term research data covered in the following definition, constructed from institutions such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH, 2003) and the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD, 2007): "... all that material that has been recorded during the research, recognized by the scientific community and that serves to certify the results of the research being conducted [...] that must come from a single source", for example: sample size calculation, survey guide formats, interviews, observations, primary data obtained, statistical processing, among others.

The chosen repository should be a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and open access repository. The Registry of Research Data Repositories can be consulted at https://www.re3data.org/, bearing in mind that each repository has its own deposit rules.

For now, regardless of the type of article, the author(s) are required to provide a Declaration of Data Availability, corresponding to the different variants that may be presented, as detailed below:

1. STATEMENT OF DATA AVAILABILITY: The author(s) declare that there is no data associated with the article.
2. STATEMENT OF DATA AVAILABILITY: The author(s) declare that the data used in the study/research carried out are available in the content of the article.
3. STATEMENT OF DATA AVAILABILITY: The author(s) declare that the data used in the study/research cannot be made publicly available for the following reasons: write the reasons why the data are not public.
4. STATEMENT OF DATA AVAILABILITY: The author(s) declare that the data used in the study/research performed are available without access restrictions for analysis by interested parties in the repository: write the URL of the public repository.
5. DECLARATION OF DATA AVAILABILITY: The author(s) declare that the data will be available on demand, for which the interested parties should: indicate the procedure for requesting the data. The data are not public for the following reasons: They should also include the reasons why the data are not public.
6. STATEMENT OF DATA AVAILABILITY: The author(s) declare that in the study/research carried out, data were not generated by themselves, but come from the source: the source must be adequately cited, which can be contacted through: in the statement of Data Availability indicate how to contact the owners of the information.

We apply the motto of the FAIR principles: "as open as possible, as closed as necessary", therefore, the author we will provide a URL or link to a recognized international data repository, or at least to the institutional or personal repository, where the referees / international experts evaluating the manuscript can access to validate the research / review / reflection carried out.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

But be careful, when there are a few or no references, this section can indicate little consultation or plagiarism. The included citations in the paper must give rise to the list of references, that is to say, a research work must not appear in the Bibliographic References if it were not earlier quoted in the text. The list of references must follow the 7th APA standards manual and bibliographic style, in the version recommended by the Chakiñan Journal in the corresponding links to each type of article.

On the other hand, the cited in the body of the text will be referenced as follows (Author's last name, year, p. page number). For instance, (Pérez, 2023, p. 128) o (Pérez, 2023, pp.128-129), if the citation is located on more than one page or (Pérez, 2023, para. 5), if it is a citation on a web page that does not state a page number. Some specific software can be used to facilitate the work of capturing, storing, sorting, and exporting citations and bibliographies in the desired format; among the most used "bibliography managers" are RefWorks, EndNote, Zotero and Mendeley. The quotations are traffic elements that can lead other investigators to read your article. If citations of relatively essential papers have been employed, those papers will appear indexed and will have their lists of "quoted by," which are often consulted. But if the citation of an article is irrelevant, the author's clear image can be damaged, so that the papers to be consulted and cited should be chosen with great care. 

Common rules for all types of manuscripts:

Manuscripts must adhere to the format of the word template provided (manuscripts that are not sent in that template and comply with all the rules described therein will be rejected by the Editorial Committee).

• Footnotes will not be used, but at the end of the article, after the BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES section.
• The tables must be included in Word format and be simple, if necessary they can be in JPEG or PNG format with sufficient quality and must be referenced in the text near their position. No more than 10 figures between tables and images will be accepted.
• The maximum length of each manuscript should not exceed 8,000 words, and the minimum 4,000, including figures, tables and bibliographical references. Manuscripts that do not fit into any of the three accepted formats or are under 4,000 words will not be accepted. The Editorial Board will study the exceptional case of a manuscript that exceeds 8,000 words.
• The maximum accepted size of the manuscript with all its components (text and images) will be 10 Mb.
• The figures and tables must be sent inserted in the text in the place that each author considers appropriate, it is mandatory that said tables and figures are referenced within the text in their corresponding place. In addition, a single file will be sent with a zipped folder containing all the figures in JPG or PNG format, easily identifiable (figure number in the file name) and with acceptable quality.
• Once the article has been reviewed and approved by the blind peer reviewers, it will be edited in PDF. Before being published, each author will be sent a printout in the final PDF format. The author must give his consent to the latest edition and once authorized it may be published.
• Bibliographic citations must be included within the text between parentheses with the following format (Author's last name, year, page or paragraph number). Example (Pérez, 2023, p. 128) or (Pérez, 2023, pp.128-129), in case the quote is located on more than one page or (Pérez, 2023, para. 5), if it is of a citation on a web page that does not declare a page number. The cited bibliography inserted in the text must appear listed at the end of the work, ordered alphabetically by author and chronologically in case of citing several books or articles by the same author, from oldest to most recent. For the bibliographical references at the end of the work, the APA 7 standards will be used.
• Do not use bold or underlining, neither throughout the text nor in bibliographic citations. Italics will be used in the following cases: 1) First use of key terms or phrases, often accompanied by a definition. 2) Title of books, reports, web pages and other independent works. 3) Titles of magazines, newspapers and their respective volume numbers. 4) Letters (with the exception of the Greek ones) used as statistical symbols or variables. 5) Meanings of a scale (but not the associated number). 6) Scientific names and words in another language, only when they do not appear in the dictionary of the language in which the article is written. Gentiles, proper names and place names should not be in italics.
• Initial capital letters will be used in proper names, geographical features, rivers, continents, countries, etc., the names of phases or periods, cultures, types, etc. are also written with an initial capital letter. Directional terms are only capitalized if they are abbreviated (N, S, SE).
• The numbers used in the text and referring to any material are expressed in words if the number is from zero to nine. If the figures are greater than nine, they are written with numeric characters. Numbers expressed with numeric characters with more than three digits have a point in the thousandths place (example: 3,000). Ordinal numbers are always written with words (example: first), except in the case of centuries, which are written with Roman numerals (example: IV century). Measurements must be referred to in Arabic numeral characters and in the abbreviated metric system, without a point and leaving a space between the number and the abbreviation (example: 20 cm).
• Quotes of less than 40 words are included in the text paragraph, highlighted by double quotes (example: “”). Single quotes will only be used to indicate one quote within another. At the end of the citation always indicate (Author's last name, year, page or paragraph number). Example (Pérez, 2023, p. 128) or (Pérez, 2023, pp.128-129), in case the quote is located on more than one page or (Pérez, 2023, para. 5), if it is of a citation on a web page that does not declare a page number. Brackets are used to indicate text added by the author within the citation.
• Textual citations of 40 words or more go in a separate paragraph, and indentation for the entire paragraph of 1.27 cm.
• The references included in the text, when there are more than three authors, will be indicated with the last name of the first author followed by et al.
• All the sources cited in the text must be declared in the list of BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES, which will be governed by the APA 7 standard. In the case of figures and tables, the source will only be declared when it does not belong to the authors of the article. The BILOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES are arranged alphabetically and, in the case of several articles or books by the same author, chronologically. Everything that is not tables will appear named as a figure, without abbreviation (example: Figure 1), the text with the figure number must go at the bottom of the figure, the source from which it comes is indicated at the top with the term source (example: Source: ..., in the event that the figure has not been drawn up by the authors of the article).