![](data:image/png;base64,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José Antonio Duchi Zaruma
CHAKIÑAN. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades / ISSN 2550 - 6722 113
ashtawa ashallakuna kan; chaymantami kichwa
shimipika mana sumak hatun yuyaykuna
wiñarishka. Shinami (López 2017:19)
nin “runaka pay kashkataka rimaywanmi
riksiytukun, kipamanmi shuktak yachaykunataka
hamutan, shinallatak shuktakkunaman
imashinakaytak wiñachin, rikuchinpish, shinami
rimayka yuyayta, yachaytapish wiñachin
sinchiyachinpish”.
Art. 13 del LOES, literal L, ninmi “Runakunapa,
llaktakunapa shimita, kawsayta, yachayta
wiñachina, sinchiyachinami kan” (LOES
2018:12). Universidad Nacional de Educación
yachana wasika chunka pusak runa kawsay
llaktakuna, chunka chusku hatun kawsay
markakunapak mañayta paktachishpami
ishkayshimi kawsaypura yachayta
wiñachinkapak yachachikkunata yachachishpa
shamun. Shinami UNAE sumak yachaywasika
ishkay waranka chunka sukta watamanta
shukniki, ishkayniki, kimsaniki, chuskuniki
patakunapi yachakuk wamprakunaman kichwa
shimita yachachishpa kallarin.
Universidad Nacional de Educación sumak
yachana wasika Ishkay shimi kawsaypura
yachaytami, ishkay waranka chunka sukta
watapi wiñachin, kutin kay yachaypika mana
achka ishkay shimita rimak (kichwa-castellano)
yachakukkunachu yachakunkpa yaykunkuna,
ashtawanka castellano shimita rimak
mishukunami chay yachaymanka yaykunkuna
(monolingües), kutin ishkay shimi kawsaypura
yachakuk tukunkapaka shuk runa shimillatapish
yachanami kan, chay mutsuywanmi kichwa
shimita, chay español shimillatak rimakkunama
yachachinata kallarinchik, yachachik tukushpaka
ishkay shimita rimashpa yachana wasikunaman
yallichunkuna.
Ishkay shimita rimak yachachikkuna kashpallami
ishkay shimi kawsaypura yachaytaka
sinchiyachina usharinkanka (Bombín 2016),
mana kashpaka, kunan pacha shuk shimillata
rimak yachachikkuna shina runapa shimitaka
wakllichishpami katinkakuna. Ña mana runa
shimipi yachachinkakuna, wamprakunata mana
kichwapi rimachinkakuna, chay llakika shamuk
punchakunapika runa shimi chinkarinami
yuyani. Sinami, imakunata rurankapaka kichwa
shimita kikin kawsaypa kakta rikurin, paywanmi
shuktak llaktakunawan rimanakurin (Iza 2019).
Kay kichwa shimita yachakuk yachakukkunaka
ishkay suyukunamanta kankuna, shukunaka
kucntisuyumanta, kutin shukkunaka
punasuyumanta, wakinkunaka runakunallatak,
shinapish ña kichwa shimita mana
taytamamakuna yachachishkakuna, kutin
wakinkunaka mishukuna kichwa shimita
yachakuna munankuna paykunapa runa
sapikunata kuyaywan yuyashpa; shinapish,
wakinpika kichwa shimika mana allí rikushkachu
kana kan (Toaquiza 2015); chaymantami kushi
yuyaywan kichwa yachaykunata sumakta
paktankunapish; kati milkapi charinchik mashna
yachakukkunami tiyan, shinallata mashna
shuklla shimita rimakkunata, kutin mashnami
ishkay shimita rimankuna.
En el ámbito escolar, los maestros usan el
quichua sólo para saludar al inicio de cada
clase, mientras los niños pueden saberlo
y usarlo extra-aula, pero no lo usan con
los profesores. Por ejemplo, en una de las
Escuelas del Milenio de una parroquia de
Bolívar, el uso del quichua es meramente
simbólico, folclórico y museístico: en las
paredes se encuentran escritos en quichua
los días de la semana, los meses, las partes
del cuerpo, los números, etc.; se usan
fórmulas de saludo muy elaboradas: allí
puncha mashi yachachik, allí shamushka
kachun, pero no se usa como lengua
de interacción real en la escuela. Por
otro lado, varios estudiantes hablan y
entienden el quichua, pero éste se usa en
la interacción extra aula. (Garcés 2020:12)
Garcés paypak taripaypi killkash rikuchin tawka
llakikuna kichwa shimipi kay punchakuna
rikurimushkamanta. Kichwa shimika kunan
punchakunallapimi killkayta, rimayta, uyayta
allichishka kan; chaymantami sinchitatak
hamutayana, yuyarinapish kanchik. Kunan
punchakunamanka tawka kamukuna,
shimiyuk kamukunapishmi killkarishka,
shinapish kaykunaka mana kichwa shimipichu
killkashkakuna kan, ashtawankari castellano
shimipimi kichwa shimi yuyayta, yachayta
killkashkakuna, chaymantami kichwa
sapiyuyaykuna wakinpika chinkarishka.
Sinapish kichwa shimipa yuyay-munayka