REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Aceptado para publicación:

31-octubre-2017

Recibido para revisión:

13-abril-2017

CHIMBORAZO MARKAPIKA CATOLICO PROTESTANTE

KARIKUNAMI, PAYKUNA ASHTAWAN KASHKATA MIRACHINKUNA

DOMINACIÓN MASCULINA EN LAS IGLESIAS PROTESTANTE

Y CATÓLICA DE LAS COMUNIDADES KICHWAS DE CHIMBORAZO

MALE DOMINATION IN THE PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC CHURCHES

OF THE KICHWAS COMMUNITIES OF CHIMBORAZO

RESUMEN

UCHILLACHISHKA YUYAY

Kay killkayka, pampakunapi yachaykunata chalashpami, imashina protestante shinallatak católico Apunchikpak

wasita pushak karikunaka warmikunata makashpalla, rimashpalla kawsashkamantami yuyarikkrin. Apunchi-

kpak wasita pushaktukushpa, Apunchikpak shimita willaktukushpa, michikkunatukushpapishmi católico kariku-

naka shinallatak protestante karikunaka, Chimborazo markapika -yuyaywan, rimaywan, makaywanpishmi-

warmikunata llapichishpalla kawsankuna. Kay killkayka yuyarinmi, imashina warmipak aychapi, yuyaypi,

samaypipash, karikuna makashkamanta rimashkamantapash. Ashtawankarin, warmikunapak kawsayta alliman

apankapak niktukushpallami, warmikunata llapishpa, wishkashpa, uchillayachishpa maykan karikunaka kaw-

sankuna. Maypikarin, warmikunaka karikunalapitakmi kutichirinkuna paykunapak kawsayta michichun. Shina-

llatak, tapurikuna rimarikunapishmi tiyan, imashina karikuna Apunchikpak shimipi wankarishpa warmikunata

llapishpalla kawsahkamanta. Runakunapak alli kawsaypi wankarishpapishmi maykan karikunaka warmikunata

uchillayachinkuna. Maykan warmikunaka yachaymantapash mana yachaymantapashmi karikunapak llapichina

yuyaypi yaykurinkuna. Chashnami, warmikunapak llaki kawsayka Apunchikpak munashkashina rikurin. LLaki

kawsayta pipash mana kuyuchina shinata rikuchinkuna. Kay killkayka rurarirkami: tapurikunapi wankarishpa,

killkashkakunapi ñawirishpa, rikushkakunapipash yanaparishpa.

Sapi shimikuna: católico tantarishkakuna; kichwa warmikuna; llakikuna; protestante.

El texto analiza, a partir del trabajo de campo etnográfico, la manera

cómo en las iglesias protestantes y católicas los líderes indígenas, en

calidad de catequistas, pastores, evangelistas (re) producen las violen-

cias visibles e invisibles sobre las mujeres indígenas kichwas de Chimbo-

razo. Se reflexiona sobre la manera como circula la violencia física

contra el cuerpo, la psiquis y el alma de la mujer a fin de corregir, guiar

y mejorar las fallas cometidas con la intención de dominarlas, cercarlas

y disminuirlas hasta el punto de obtener la entrega de sus voluntades y

almas. También se cuestiona la forma como la dominación masculina se

enmascara y justifica, con frecuencia, con base en los principios bíblicos

y los valores indígenas como la complementariedad, categorías que

contribuyen, unas veces sin saberlo y otras a pesar suyo, a su propia

dominación al aceptar tácitamente los límites impuestos; a la vez que

fundan la perpetuación y naturalización de las relaciones de poder.

Metodológicamente ponderó las entrevistas y la revision de archivos.

Palabras clave: católicos; iglesias; mujeres kichwas; protestantes;

violencia.

ABSTRACT

The text analyzes, based on ethnographic fieldwork, the way in which the

Protestant and Catholic churches, indigenous leaders, as catechists,

pastors, evangelists (re) produce visible and invisible violence against

the indigenous Kichwas women of Chimborazo. It reflects on the way in

which physical violence circulates against the body, the psyche and the

soul of the woman in order to correct, guide and improve the failures

committed with the intention of mastering, fencing and reducing them to

the point of obtaining the delivery their wills and souls. The way in which

male domination is often masked and justified is often questioned, based

on biblical principles and indigenous values such as complementarity,

categories that contribute, sometimes unknowingly and sometimes

despite themselves, to their own domination of tacitly accept the limits

imposed; while founding the perpetuation and naturalization of power

relations. Methodologically weighted interviews and file review.

Keywords: Catholics; churches; kichwa women; Protestants; violence.

Claudio Maldonado

Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador

cmaldonado@unach.edu.ec

Juan Illicachi Guzñay

Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador

andres1_517@hotmail.com

Dyana Jara Alvarez

Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador

dyanyj3@yahoo.com

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

RIKSICHIK

Kay llankayka, taripaykunata rurankapak

paktachina ñan kallarishkami kan. Kay

taripaykunaka manarak kullkiwan

yanpaykunataka charinchu: “Chimborazo

markapi católico shinallatak protestante

runakunapak kawsayta yachankapak”.

Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo hatun

yachana wasipimi kay yachay taripaykuna-

pash ñawpakman rikun.

Kay killkay kallarinkapakka Carmen Martí-

nez Novo, taripak warmi, paypak killkapi:

Iñishkakunamanta, política shinallatak pi

kashkamantapash rimashka, kunashkatami

hapina “wakin willachishkakunawan kallari-

na, kay llankay ñukapak yuyayta achikllata

sakinapak richun” (2009:21); ñawpakunapi

ñukapash pacha kamakmanta willak kashka-

ta yuyarishpa, ñawpakman rik tantari-

shkakunapak, “protestante wawki paniku-

nawampash” shunkumanta sumak kuchuyay

tiyashkamantapish.- shinapash kay taripay

miraripika yallishkami kichwa runakunapak

kashkamanta, allichishka yuyaymanta

shinallatak yachaymantapish, iñishkaman-

taka mana rimanichu, shinallatak runapak

kawsaymanta rimankapakka mana achkatak

rikushkanichu, chaykunamanta

rimankapakka asha jarkaykuna tiyashka-

manta.

Shinallatak, mutzurishkami karka taripak

shina kichwa runa kashkamantapash ñukapa

yuyayta paktata churana kay yanapak

llankaypi, karikunata, warmikunata achka

yachakkunami, paykunallatakmi kikin

kawsay yuyayta shayachikkuna kan nishpa.

Kay ishkay yuyaymi yanaparka “chaspi-

rinkapak” tawka watakunata católico-kuna-

pak pachakamakpak shimita willak kashka

yuyaymanta, imapish washayachishka kaw-

sayta ña ama ashtawan harkashpa

katinkapak.

Shinallatak tikrashpa rikusha ninimi

ñukapak yachaymanta llankaytapash,

yachakmi kani nishpa mana yanka riparak

shinachu rurashkani, kichwa llaktakunawan

ñukapak shuk paktachinami kan,

ashtawankarin imashina apunchikmanta

willakkunapak tantaripi hatun tukuna

yuyayta mirachikushkamanta llakiwan

rikushkani.

Chimpapura parlankuykunata rurarkani

riksik chayankapak sapan yuyaykunata,

rimaykunata tarinkapak, imashinatak shuk

tantarimantapish, kikin kaymantapish puri-

chikuna kashkata, chaypakka shuk paykuna

rimashkata paktata wakichinkapak grabado-

rawan pallashkani.

Tawka chimpapura parlanakuykuna, parlas-

hkakuna, rimashkakunaka kichwa shimipi

rimashkunami karka, mana taripak munas-

hkamanta, ashtawankarin kay taripaykunata

rurankapak yanapakkuna kichwa shimipi

rimakkuna kashkamanta achikllayachinimi.

Killkanakunaka achka suni, sinchimi, chash-

napish chay rimaykunallatakmi ashtawan

sumakyachikkunami karka. Chimpapura

parlanakuykunataka mana pushakkunawan,

ushayukkunawanchu rurarkani, ashtawanka-

rin punchanta purik, mana ima minkayta

charikkuna mashikunawanmi rurarkani.

Kay killka kallaripika yuyachinmi warmiku-

napak, yuyaykunapak parlashkakunamanta,

yachachikunchik, rikuchikunchik mana alli

kashkata allichikunchik nishpami paykuna-

pak aychapi llakichishkakuna, wanachi-

shkakuna, chashnami llapishkakuna, mana-

chishkakuna, washaychishkakuna paykuna-

pak munayta, yuyayta shunkuta kunka

kama. Kunanka chay rikushka “yallishka”

llakikunamantaka rikuchisha ninkuna ñawpa

warmikunaka ashtawan sinchi kashkata

shinapish kay pacha warmikunaka ima llaki-

kunatapish mana chimpapuray tukukkuna.

Ishkay nikipika, imashinami Chimborazo

markapi católico tantarishkakuna shinallatak

protestantekunapak llakikuna, tupanakuy

shinallatak karuyanakuy ukupi rikurinmi

kichwa warmikunata rikuripak shinallatak

mana rikuripak llakichishka kawsay.

Makashpa yallitak mancharina llakikunaka

rikurinmi católico karikunapi, wakimpika

machashka kashpami shina llakichinkuna,

kutin protestantekunapika pakalla, mana

rikuripak shinapish sinchi llakikunami tiyan,

chaykunaka achka sinchimi rikurin allichi-

nata yuyanapakka.

Puchukaypika, protestante tantarishkakuna-

pi karikuna yallitakmi warmikunata riku-

rankuna; shinallatak, yachachinkuna

kunankunami kariwan ama tuparichun -cha-

ymantami ashtawan sinchi katiraykunata

rurankuna, nishunlla kari warmi aycha pura

chayarinakuy imapi mana sawarishka

kashpaka, manarak sawarishpa aycha pura

chayarinakushka kakpika, apunchikpak wasi

kanllallapimi sawarichinkuna, chayka achka

pinkaymi kan kikinpakllatak, ayllukunapak,

apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkakunapak,

washallami riparankuna, alliklla parla-

nakunkuna, wakinkunaka llakirinkuna,

shinaka mana sawarishkakuna aycha pura

chayarinakuyka, waynayakkuna nishka,

Pachakamakpak shimi killkashkamanta

pachami tziknishka wanachishka kan, apun-

chikpak wasiman tantarishkakuna shinalla-

tak apunchikta shuktak katikkuna tantari-

shkamantapish, paykunapak tantari ukupika

chaykunata wanachinkapak, ushayta charin-

chikmi ninkunami.

Shinallatak rikuranchikmi, imashinami kari-

pak llakichika pakashka, shinallatak allimi

nishka shina tukun Apunchikpak shimi

killashkamanta, kichwa runakunapak chani-

chimanta ishkantin nishka kashkamanta,

wakinkunataka mana yachashkamanta,

kutin shukkunataka mana yachashkamanta-

pish llakikunataka ashtawan sinchiya-

chinkunami, wiñaypak shina, chayka chash-

nallatakmi nishka shinami tantarishka ushay

shinamanta rikukpika.

kusaka makanallmi Kan. Pitak imaninkapi-

sh. Shinaka chay llapishka kawsak warmi-

kunallatakmi yanapankuna paykunapak

llaki kawsay mirarichun (Bourdieu 2015).

Tantachishpa rikukpika, maykankunaka

católico karikunami warmikunataka

makankuna ninkunami, chaytami shamuk

killkaypika yuyarikkrinchik.

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Kay llankayka, taripaykunata rurankapak

paktachina ñan kallarishkami kan. Kay

taripaykunaka manarak kullkiwan

yanpaykunataka charinchu: “Chimborazo

markapi católico shinallatak protestante

runakunapak kawsayta yachankapak”.

Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo hatun

yachana wasipimi kay yachay taripaykuna-

pash ñawpakman rikun.

Kay killkay kallarinkapakka Carmen Martí-

nez Novo, taripak warmi, paypak killkapi:

Iñishkakunamanta, política shinallatak pi

kashkamantapash rimashka, kunashkatami

hapina “wakin willachishkakunawan kallari-

na, kay llankay ñukapak yuyayta achikllata

sakinapak richun” (2009:21); ñawpakunapi

ñukapash pacha kamakmanta willak kashka-

ta yuyarishpa, ñawpakman rik tantari-

shkakunapak, “protestante wawki paniku-

nawampash” shunkumanta sumak kuchuyay

tiyashkamantapish.- shinapash kay taripay

miraripika yallishkami kichwa runakunapak

kashkamanta, allichishka yuyaymanta

shinallatak yachaymantapish, iñishkaman-

taka mana rimanichu, shinallatak runapak

kawsaymanta rimankapakka mana achkatak

rikushkanichu, chaykunamanta

rimankapakka asha jarkaykuna tiyashka-

manta.

Shinallatak, mutzurishkami karka taripak

shina kichwa runa kashkamantapash ñukapa

yuyayta paktata churana kay yanapak

llankaypi, karikunata, warmikunata achka

yachakkunami, paykunallatakmi kikin

kawsay yuyayta shayachikkuna kan nishpa.

Kay ishkay yuyaymi yanaparka “chaspi-

rinkapak” tawka watakunata católico-kuna-

pak pachakamakpak shimita willak kashka

yuyaymanta, imapish washayachishka kaw-

sayta ña ama ashtawan harkashpa

katinkapak.

Shinallatak tikrashpa rikusha ninimi

ñukapak yachaymanta llankaytapash,

yachakmi kani nishpa mana yanka riparak

shinachu rurashkani, kichwa llaktakunawan

ñukapak shuk paktachinami kan,

ashtawankarin imashina apunchikmanta

willakkunapak tantaripi hatun tukuna

yuyayta mirachikushkamanta llakiwan

rikushkani.

Chimpapura parlankuykunata rurarkani

riksik chayankapak sapan yuyaykunata,

rimaykunata tarinkapak, imashinatak shuk

tantarimantapish, kikin kaymantapish puri-

chikuna kashkata, chaypakka shuk paykuna

rimashkata paktata wakichinkapak grabado-

rawan pallashkani.

Tawka chimpapura parlanakuykuna, parlas-

hkakuna, rimashkakunaka kichwa shimipi

rimashkunami karka, mana taripak munas-

hkamanta, ashtawankarin kay taripaykunata

rurankapak yanapakkuna kichwa shimipi

rimakkuna kashkamanta achikllayachinimi.

Killkanakunaka achka suni, sinchimi, chash-

napish chay rimaykunallatakmi ashtawan

sumakyachikkunami karka. Chimpapura

parlanakuykunataka mana pushakkunawan,

ushayukkunawanchu rurarkani, ashtawanka-

rin punchanta purik, mana ima minkayta

charikkuna mashikunawanmi rurarkani.

Kay killka kallaripika yuyachinmi warmiku-

napak, yuyaykunapak parlashkakunamanta,

yachachikunchik, rikuchikunchik mana alli

kashkata allichikunchik nishpami paykuna-

pak aychapi llakichishkakuna, wanachi-

shkakuna, chashnami llapishkakuna, mana-

chishkakuna, washaychishkakuna paykuna-

pak munayta, yuyayta shunkuta kunka

kama. Kunanka chay rikushka “yallishka”

llakikunamantaka rikuchisha ninkuna ñawpa

warmikunaka ashtawan sinchi kashkata

shinapish kay pacha warmikunaka ima llaki-

kunatapish mana chimpapuray tukukkuna.

Ishkay nikipika, imashinami Chimborazo

markapi católico tantarishkakuna shinallatak

protestantekunapak llakikuna, tupanakuy

shinallatak karuyanakuy ukupi rikurinmi

kichwa warmikunata rikuripak shinallatak

mana rikuripak llakichishka kawsay.

Makashpa yallitak mancharina llakikunaka

rikurinmi católico karikunapi, wakimpika

machashka kashpami shina llakichinkuna,

kutin protestantekunapika pakalla, mana

rikuripak shinapish sinchi llakikunami tiyan,

chaykunaka achka sinchimi rikurin allichi-

nata yuyanapakka.

Puchukaypika, protestante tantarishkakuna-

pi karikuna yallitakmi warmikunata riku-

rankuna; shinallatak, yachachinkuna

kunankunami kariwan ama tuparichun -cha-

ymantami ashtawan sinchi katiraykunata

rurankuna, nishunlla kari warmi aycha pura

chayarinakuy imapi mana sawarishka

kashpaka, manarak sawarishpa aycha pura

chayarinakushka kakpika, apunchikpak wasi

kanllallapimi sawarichinkuna, chayka achka

pinkaymi kan kikinpakllatak, ayllukunapak,

apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkakunapak,

washallami riparankuna, alliklla parla-

nakunkuna, wakinkunaka llakirinkuna,

shinaka mana sawarishkakuna aycha pura

chayarinakuyka, waynayakkuna nishka,

Pachakamakpak shimi killkashkamanta

pachami tziknishka wanachishka kan, apun-

chikpak wasiman tantarishkakuna shinalla-

tak apunchikta shuktak katikkuna tantari-

shkamantapish, paykunapak tantari ukupika

chaykunata wanachinkapak, ushayta charin-

chikmi ninkunami.

Shinallatak rikuranchikmi, imashinami kari-

pak llakichika pakashka, shinallatak allimi

nishka shina tukun Apunchikpak shimi

killashkamanta, kichwa runakunapak chani-

chimanta ishkantin nishka kashkamanta,

wakinkunataka mana yachashkamanta,

kutin shukkunataka mana yachashkamanta-

pish llakikunataka ashtawan sinchiya-

chinkunami, wiñaypak shina, chayka chash-

nallatakmi nishka shinami tantarishka ushay

shinamanta rikukpika.

Chimborazo markamanta shuk yuyak mama

parlashkawan kallarinchik:

Imashinami kusakuna paykunapak warmi-

kunata kaspikunawan waktashpa makaktami

rikurkani. Wiwakunata shinami makakkuna

karka. Ishki kimsata waktaywanmi

urmakkuna karka. Wakimpika warmikunaka

paykunapak kusakuna shinallatak machas-

hkakuna karka. Yuyak warmikunapa umaku-

nata rikukpika achkakunami umakunapi

chukri alliyashkakunata charinkuna. Sinchi

warmikunami kak karkakuna, yawarta

pichariwanmi paykunapak kusakunata

katishpa takiwan, wakaywan rikkuna karka.

Kunan punllakunaka yallitak hawalla

warmikunami kankuna. Manapish sinchita

rimakpimi wasikunamanta rinkuna, shita-

nakunkuna, apukunapak ñawpakman rinku-

napish. (Juana Gualli, iskay punlla sasi killa

de 2016)

Shuktak kawsay:

Ishki kutinmi umata pakirka, mashna

kutintakshi chankakuna, chakikuna,

rikrakunapish ankasyarkashi, ashka

waktaykunamanta. Rikunki ñuka

imatami rurak kani nanaytakunata

anchuchinkapak, puri tukunkapakpi-

sh; “chawpi punllami kallpak karkani

maypimi yana tiyu yaku allpa tiyan-

man, chay rupakuk allpawanmi

kakurik kani. Chashnami mana yalli

nanakpi, purita ushakkani. Kunan

punlla warmikunaka willanaman

kallpakunkunallami, mana ñukan-

chik shina sinchikunachu. Kunan

punlla warmikuna paykunapak

“YALLISHKA”

LLAKICHIKKUNA

kusakuna manapish sinchita rimakpi-

mi wasimanta llukshishpa rinkuna.

(María Guaman, chunka pichka

punlla wayru killa de 2016)

Kay parlashkakunamanta, allimi tapurina:

¿Kichwa warmikunta mana kashushpaka,

maypitak mishayashka sumak kawsayka

sakirin? ¿Mishayashka sumak kawsana

shutipichu warmikunata makashpa kaw-

sankuna? Tatzo (1996) shinallatak Rodri-

guez tapurikkunami kariwarmi yanaparina-

manta, kashna ninkuna: warmi, kari.

Inti killaka rikuchinmi achikta amsata, karita

warmita, kawsayta wañuyta; tukuy kay

pachapi imalla tiyashkatapish.

Ishkantin, ishkay tukushpa sumakta kawsa-

yka mana nishkallachu kana kan, runa sami

kawsaypika tiyantakmi ishki kana, yuraku-

napi: kari kiwa/warmi kiwa, kari urku/

warmi urku, kari kuychi/warmi kuychi.

“Kuychita rimashpaka rikushpaka

sumakkashkata, mishashkatami rikuchiri-

rin” (Rodríguez 1999).

Imashinami hanakman wakin killkakkuna

nishka shina; ishkantin kanamantaka mana

pantarinachu, shinapish llakikunaka katin-

llami. ¿Kay Chimborazo markapika Ishkan-

tin, ishkay kanamantaka manachu chay

llakichikuna pakalla shina purik kanka?

Kikin kawsaymantapacha willashkakunami

imashinami kichwa warmikuna karikuna-

pakaka uchillayashka shina kashakauna

(Connel 1997).

Chay parlashkakunata allitak yuyarishpa

rikukpika makaykunaka wiñaypak kama-

chik kashka shinami kan, mana rikurinchu

wiñashkalla, umapi churashka kashkalla-

manta shina kashka (Bourdieu 2015). Pierre

Bourdieu nishka shinaka, kay punlla kawsa-

ypika chayshinallatak katinmi; shinallatak

kayshukman chayshukman mana alli niku-

naka katinllami, ashtawanka protestantismo-

ta katikkuna shinallatak catolicismota

katikkunami chashna paktachishpa

katikunkuna.

Kay kawsaymanta parlashkakunaka mana

rimanchu nishkalla llakichikunamantaka,

ashtawankarin rikushka llakikuna kashkata-

mi riman, shinapish hamuktay tukunchikmi

imashinami chay llakichishkakunaka “yana-

panmi wakimpika mana yachashkamanta,

wakimpika yachashka hawallatak paykuna-

pak llapishka kawsayta rikuyta ari nishkata

hatunyachishpa” (Bourdieu 2015). Paykuna-

pak llakiri pachakunapimi rikuchinkuna,

shinallatak mirachinkunapish tukuy chay

llakichikunata. Kari warmi chikanyachi-

manta rikuypika; wiwakuna, yurakuna,

urkukuna shinallatak kuyllurkunapish sapan

paktachikunatami charinkuna, shinapish

tantachik paktachinakunata, hanakman

parlashkakunata yuyarikpika, kichwa runa-

pak kawsaypika pakallayachishkami rikurin,

karikunapak kawsayllata mirachinkarayku.

Warmikuna wakin parlashakunata rikukpika

ishkay kawsayka mana rikurinchu,

ashtawankarin ishkantik kana rikurinmi

llakichinapaklla imashina karikuna kawsa-

ypi shinallatak iñina kawsaypi llakichina-

pak. Llapishpa charik karikunaka hawaman-

tami churankuna imallata paktachinata,

mana paktachinatapish, riksishkakunatapish

shinallatak (Bourdieu 2007).

Warmikunapak aychata makana, wanachi-

naka, allichikunchik, rikuchikunchik, imapi-

sh mana alli kashkakunata niskami kashka

(Herrera 2013). Yuyaytaka wanachinami

kan, llakichina manchachina kankakama,

uchillayachina, pakana, paykunapak

munayta, yuyayta kunkakama, “llakichi-

shkakunaka mana harkarinkunachu,

ashtawankarin wanachik unanchakunata

hapishpa katinllakunami, ashtawan llapi-

shka tukushpa katinllakunami mashna

chaniwampish, ushayta charishpapish”

(Gledhill 1999).

Imamanta, imakunallamantami nik tukushpa

warmikunataka makakkuna kashka, chayku-

naka tawkakunami, achikyachina

munaywan wakinkunata riksichinchik:

“mana alli yanushkamanta, mana alli taksha-

shkamanta, wawakunata mana alli kamas-

hkamanta, karikunapa yaya mamata kariyas-

hkamanta” shuktakkunamantapish. Warmi-

kunata llakichinkapakka, imatapish hucha-

chinllakunami. Shinami warmipak aychaka

makanapak kashka shina, kasuna, manchana

tukunkama; shinami yuyayyuk, llankanata

yachak warmikuna tukukkuna ninkunami

(Lechuga 2007).

Warmikunataka makanakata mana

pinkakkunachu karka, llaktapi kawsakkuna,

ayllukuna rikuytami makakkuna kashka,

shinami ashtawan ushayyuk, alli kari nishka

rikurik kashkakuna. Shuk parlakka

charinkami kanchis chunka pichka watata,

payka ninmi; “warmikunataka yachachina-

mi kanchik, mana kashkapaka warmi man-

dashkami tukushun”.

Kay rikuymanta pachaka, shuk runaka asha-

llapi muyuchishkami kan, kichushka,

maypipish rikurashka, ashata kuyurik shina

kakpipash rikurashka, imata rurakta chapa-

ran (Foucault, 2009). Llapishka kawsayta

rikurikpika kikin aychapi killkashka shina-

mi, shinapish mana warmikunachu chay

llapishka kawsayta minkay tukuna kan

(Bourdieu, 1998 shinallatak 2015) Chashna

rikukpika, Foucault shinallatak Bourdieu

yuyachinkunami sinchi kashkata, shukka;

uchilla kawsaypi ushay tiyashkatami yachak

chayachin. Kutin, shukka pakalla, ukulla

mana rikuypak llakikuna tiyashka rikuchin.

Wakin warmikunata parlachishkamanta

yuyakpi wakimpika rimanmi maykama

paykunapak mancharishkata, shinallatak alli

nishkata paykunapak llakikuna apashkata,

shinallatak kushiyak shinami tukunkuna

paykunapak kachunkunapish chay llakiku-

nata apakushkata, paykunapak ushushikuna

chay shina llakikunata apakpipash manatak

alli ninkunachu.

Pierre Bourdieu rimashkata rikushpika

(2015) allimanpish yankamanpish warmiku-

na rimashpaka karikunamanmi ashtawan

llapishpa katichun yanapan. Wakimpika

warmikunata llakichishka mana ima alli

kashkata rikuchinchu, shinapish sinchi

kashka shinatami rikunkuna kay punlla kipa

wiñay warmikunapak kawsaykunawan

rikukpika, kay pacha kipa wiñak warmiku-

naka “mana sinchi” warmikuna nishkami

kan. Imashinami chay llakikunaka alli

kashka shinata rikuchikllatakmi karikuna-

man, warmikunamanpish kari tukushka

yuyaykunata kun, chaymanta rikukpika kay

nishkaka mana ima kashka layami rikurin:

“Kunan punlla warmikunaka wakllikuna-

mi”.

Wakin “yuyak” warmikunapak yuyaypika,

warmikunata makanaka allimi kan, ama

karikunata kariyashpa kawsachunkuna, kari-

pak mamakunata kasuchunkuna, ayllukuna-

pi ama yanka parlukunata rurachun. Wakim-

pika yuyankunami yuyayuk kachunkuna,

kazukkuna kachun, pakta, pakta kachun,

shinami llapishka, kazuchishka warmikuna-

ta rurankuna. Shinaka, ushaypak yuyaykuna,

paktachi ñankuna shinallatak hillaykunapi-

sh, ushaypak mutsurishkami kan ninmi

(Morey 2008 shinallatak Gledhil 2000),

shinapash allillatakmi wanachinaka, kan allí

warmi kachun (Morey 2008), ama llullas-

hpa, ama riparashpa, ama yankata rimashpa

kawsachun.

Karikuna llakichishpa warmikunta chari-

shkataka maykan warmikuna yanapankuna-

mi kashna rimashpa: “ñukaka ima pacha

mana yaka rimanillachu, chaytaka ñuka

kusapak mamami allitak yachachishka”.

Chaymnata washalla rimak warmikunataka

mana alli kashkatami rikuni, chaypika

kusaka makanallmi Kan. Pitak imaninkapi-

sh. Shinaka chay llapishka kawsak warmi-

kunallatakmi yanapankuna paykunapak

llaki kawsay mirarichun (Bourdieu 2015).

Tantachishpa rikukpika, maykankunaka

católico karikunami warmikunataka

makankuna ninkunami, chaytami shamuk

killkaypika yuyarikkrinchik.

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Chimborazo markamanta shuk yuyak mama

parlashkawan kallarinchik:

Imashinami kusakuna paykunapak warmi-

kunata kaspikunawan waktashpa makaktami

rikurkani. Wiwakunata shinami makakkuna

karka. Ishki kimsata waktaywanmi

urmakkuna karka. Wakimpika warmikunaka

paykunapak kusakuna shinallatak machas-

hkakuna karka. Yuyak warmikunapa umaku-

nata rikukpika achkakunami umakunapi

chukri alliyashkakunata charinkuna. Sinchi

warmikunami kak karkakuna, yawarta

pichariwanmi paykunapak kusakunata

katishpa takiwan, wakaywan rikkuna karka.

Kunan punllakunaka yallitak hawalla

warmikunami kankuna. Manapish sinchita

rimakpimi wasikunamanta rinkuna, shita-

nakunkuna, apukunapak ñawpakman rinku-

napish. (Juana Gualli, iskay punlla sasi killa

de 2016)

Shuktak kawsay:

Ishki kutinmi umata pakirka, mashna

kutintakshi chankakuna, chakikuna,

rikrakunapish ankasyarkashi, ashka

waktaykunamanta. Rikunki ñuka

imatami rurak kani nanaytakunata

anchuchinkapak, puri tukunkapakpi-

sh; “chawpi punllami kallpak karkani

maypimi yana tiyu yaku allpa tiyan-

man, chay rupakuk allpawanmi

kakurik kani. Chashnami mana yalli

nanakpi, purita ushakkani. Kunan

punlla warmikunaka willanaman

kallpakunkunallami, mana ñukan-

chik shina sinchikunachu. Kunan

punlla warmikuna paykunapak

kusakuna manapish sinchita rimakpi-

mi wasimanta llukshishpa rinkuna.

(María Guaman, chunka pichka

punlla wayru killa de 2016)

Kay parlashkakunamanta, allimi tapurina:

¿Kichwa warmikunta mana kashushpaka,

maypitak mishayashka sumak kawsayka

sakirin? ¿Mishayashka sumak kawsana

shutipichu warmikunata makashpa kaw-

sankuna? Tatzo (1996) shinallatak Rodri-

guez tapurikkunami kariwarmi yanaparina-

manta, kashna ninkuna: warmi, kari.

Inti killaka rikuchinmi achikta amsata, karita

warmita, kawsayta wañuyta; tukuy kay

pachapi imalla tiyashkatapish.

Ishkantin, ishkay tukushpa sumakta kawsa-

yka mana nishkallachu kana kan, runa sami

kawsaypika tiyantakmi ishki kana, yuraku-

napi: kari kiwa/warmi kiwa, kari urku/

warmi urku, kari kuychi/warmi kuychi.

“Kuychita rimashpaka rikushpaka

sumakkashkata, mishashkatami rikuchiri-

rin” (Rodríguez 1999).

Imashinami hanakman wakin killkakkuna

nishka shina; ishkantin kanamantaka mana

pantarinachu, shinapish llakikunaka katin-

llami. ¿Kay Chimborazo markapika Ishkan-

tin, ishkay kanamantaka manachu chay

llakichikuna pakalla shina purik kanka?

Kikin kawsaymantapacha willashkakunami

imashinami kichwa warmikuna karikuna-

pakaka uchillayashka shina kashakauna

(Connel 1997).

Chay parlashkakunata allitak yuyarishpa

rikukpika makaykunaka wiñaypak kama-

chik kashka shinami kan, mana rikurinchu

wiñashkalla, umapi churashka kashkalla-

manta shina kashka (Bourdieu 2015). Pierre

Bourdieu nishka shinaka, kay punlla kawsa-

ypika chayshinallatak katinmi; shinallatak

kayshukman chayshukman mana alli niku-

naka katinllami, ashtawanka protestantismo-

ta katikkuna shinallatak catolicismota

katikkunami chashna paktachishpa

katikunkuna.

Kay kawsaymanta parlashkakunaka mana

rimanchu nishkalla llakichikunamantaka,

ashtawankarin rikushka llakikuna kashkata-

mi riman, shinapish hamuktay tukunchikmi

imashinami chay llakichishkakunaka “yana-

panmi wakimpika mana yachashkamanta,

wakimpika yachashka hawallatak paykuna-

pak llapishka kawsayta rikuyta ari nishkata

hatunyachishpa” (Bourdieu 2015). Paykuna-

pak llakiri pachakunapimi rikuchinkuna,

shinallatak mirachinkunapish tukuy chay

llakichikunata. Kari warmi chikanyachi-

manta rikuypika; wiwakuna, yurakuna,

urkukuna shinallatak kuyllurkunapish sapan

paktachikunatami charinkuna, shinapish

tantachik paktachinakunata, hanakman

parlashkakunata yuyarikpika, kichwa runa-

pak kawsaypika pakallayachishkami rikurin,

karikunapak kawsayllata mirachinkarayku.

Warmikuna wakin parlashakunata rikukpika

ishkay kawsayka mana rikurinchu,

ashtawankarin ishkantik kana rikurinmi

llakichinapaklla imashina karikuna kawsa-

ypi shinallatak iñina kawsaypi llakichina-

pak. Llapishpa charik karikunaka hawaman-

tami churankuna imallata paktachinata,

mana paktachinatapish, riksishkakunatapish

shinallatak (Bourdieu 2007).

Warmikunapak aychata makana, wanachi-

naka, allichikunchik, rikuchikunchik, imapi-

sh mana alli kashkakunata niskami kashka

(Herrera 2013). Yuyaytaka wanachinami

kan, llakichina manchachina kankakama,

uchillayachina, pakana, paykunapak

munayta, yuyayta kunkakama, “llakichi-

shkakunaka mana harkarinkunachu,

ashtawankarin wanachik unanchakunata

hapishpa katinllakunami, ashtawan llapi-

shka tukushpa katinllakunami mashna

chaniwampish, ushayta charishpapish”

(Gledhill 1999).

Imamanta, imakunallamantami nik tukushpa

warmikunataka makakkuna kashka, chayku-

naka tawkakunami, achikyachina

munaywan wakinkunata riksichinchik:

“mana alli yanushkamanta, mana alli taksha-

shkamanta, wawakunata mana alli kamas-

hkamanta, karikunapa yaya mamata kariyas-

hkamanta” shuktakkunamantapish. Warmi-

kunata llakichinkapakka, imatapish hucha-

chinllakunami. Shinami warmipak aychaka

makanapak kashka shina, kasuna, manchana

tukunkama; shinami yuyayyuk, llankanata

yachak warmikuna tukukkuna ninkunami

(Lechuga 2007).

Warmikunataka makanakata mana

pinkakkunachu karka, llaktapi kawsakkuna,

ayllukuna rikuytami makakkuna kashka,

shinami ashtawan ushayyuk, alli kari nishka

rikurik kashkakuna. Shuk parlakka

charinkami kanchis chunka pichka watata,

payka ninmi; “warmikunataka yachachina-

mi kanchik, mana kashkapaka warmi man-

dashkami tukushun”.

Kay rikuymanta pachaka, shuk runaka asha-

llapi muyuchishkami kan, kichushka,

maypipish rikurashka, ashata kuyurik shina

kakpipash rikurashka, imata rurakta chapa-

ran (Foucault, 2009). Llapishka kawsayta

rikurikpika kikin aychapi killkashka shina-

mi, shinapish mana warmikunachu chay

llapishka kawsayta minkay tukuna kan

(Bourdieu, 1998 shinallatak 2015) Chashna

rikukpika, Foucault shinallatak Bourdieu

yuyachinkunami sinchi kashkata, shukka;

uchilla kawsaypi ushay tiyashkatami yachak

chayachin. Kutin, shukka pakalla, ukulla

mana rikuypak llakikuna tiyashka rikuchin.

Wakin warmikunata parlachishkamanta

yuyakpi wakimpika rimanmi maykama

paykunapak mancharishkata, shinallatak alli

nishkata paykunapak llakikuna apashkata,

shinallatak kushiyak shinami tukunkuna

paykunapak kachunkunapish chay llakiku-

nata apakushkata, paykunapak ushushikuna

chay shina llakikunata apakpipash manatak

alli ninkunachu.

Pierre Bourdieu rimashkata rikushpika

(2015) allimanpish yankamanpish warmiku-

na rimashpaka karikunamanmi ashtawan

llapishpa katichun yanapan. Wakimpika

warmikunata llakichishka mana ima alli

kashkata rikuchinchu, shinapish sinchi

kashka shinatami rikunkuna kay punlla kipa

wiñay warmikunapak kawsaykunawan

rikukpika, kay pacha kipa wiñak warmiku-

naka “mana sinchi” warmikuna nishkami

kan. Imashinami chay llakikunaka alli

kashka shinata rikuchikllatakmi karikuna-

man, warmikunamanpish kari tukushka

yuyaykunata kun, chaymanta rikukpika kay

nishkaka mana ima kashka layami rikurin:

“Kunan punlla warmikunaka wakllikuna-

mi”.

Wakin “yuyak” warmikunapak yuyaypika,

warmikunata makanaka allimi kan, ama

karikunata kariyashpa kawsachunkuna, kari-

pak mamakunata kasuchunkuna, ayllukuna-

pi ama yanka parlukunata rurachun. Wakim-

pika yuyankunami yuyayuk kachunkuna,

kazukkuna kachun, pakta, pakta kachun,

shinami llapishka, kazuchishka warmikuna-

ta rurankuna. Shinaka, ushaypak yuyaykuna,

paktachi ñankuna shinallatak hillaykunapi-

sh, ushaypak mutsurishkami kan ninmi

(Morey 2008 shinallatak Gledhil 2000),

shinapash allillatakmi wanachinaka, kan allí

warmi kachun (Morey 2008), ama llullas-

hpa, ama riparashpa, ama yankata rimashpa

kawsachun.

Karikuna llakichishpa warmikunta chari-

shkataka maykan warmikuna yanapankuna-

mi kashna rimashpa: “ñukaka ima pacha

mana yaka rimanillachu, chaytaka ñuka

kusapak mamami allitak yachachishka”.

Chaymnata washalla rimak warmikunataka

mana alli kashkatami rikuni, chaypika

kusaka makanallmi Kan. Pitak imaninkapi-

sh. Shinaka chay llapishka kawsak warmi-

kunallatakmi yanapankuna paykunapak

llaki kawsay mirarichun (Bourdieu 2015).

Tantachishpa rikukpika, maykankunaka

católico karikunami warmikunataka

makankuna ninkunami, chaytami shamuk

killkaypika yuyarikkrinchik.

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Chimborazo markamanta shuk yuyak mama

parlashkawan kallarinchik:

Imashinami kusakuna paykunapak warmi-

kunata kaspikunawan waktashpa makaktami

rikurkani. Wiwakunata shinami makakkuna

karka. Ishki kimsata waktaywanmi

urmakkuna karka. Wakimpika warmikunaka

paykunapak kusakuna shinallatak machas-

hkakuna karka. Yuyak warmikunapa umaku-

nata rikukpika achkakunami umakunapi

chukri alliyashkakunata charinkuna. Sinchi

warmikunami kak karkakuna, yawarta

pichariwanmi paykunapak kusakunata

katishpa takiwan, wakaywan rikkuna karka.

Kunan punllakunaka yallitak hawalla

warmikunami kankuna. Manapish sinchita

rimakpimi wasikunamanta rinkuna, shita-

nakunkuna, apukunapak ñawpakman rinku-

napish. (Juana Gualli, iskay punlla sasi killa

de 2016)

Shuktak kawsay:

Ishki kutinmi umata pakirka, mashna

kutintakshi chankakuna, chakikuna,

rikrakunapish ankasyarkashi, ashka

waktaykunamanta. Rikunki ñuka

imatami rurak kani nanaytakunata

anchuchinkapak, puri tukunkapakpi-

sh; “chawpi punllami kallpak karkani

maypimi yana tiyu yaku allpa tiyan-

man, chay rupakuk allpawanmi

kakurik kani. Chashnami mana yalli

nanakpi, purita ushakkani. Kunan

punlla warmikunaka willanaman

kallpakunkunallami, mana ñukan-

chik shina sinchikunachu. Kunan

punlla warmikuna paykunapak

kusakuna manapish sinchita rimakpi-

mi wasimanta llukshishpa rinkuna.

(María Guaman, chunka pichka

punlla wayru killa de 2016)

Kay parlashkakunamanta, allimi tapurina:

¿Kichwa warmikunta mana kashushpaka,

maypitak mishayashka sumak kawsayka

sakirin? ¿Mishayashka sumak kawsana

shutipichu warmikunata makashpa kaw-

sankuna? Tatzo (1996) shinallatak Rodri-

guez tapurikkunami kariwarmi yanaparina-

manta, kashna ninkuna: warmi, kari.

Inti killaka rikuchinmi achikta amsata, karita

warmita, kawsayta wañuyta; tukuy kay

pachapi imalla tiyashkatapish.

Ishkantin, ishkay tukushpa sumakta kawsa-

yka mana nishkallachu kana kan, runa sami

kawsaypika tiyantakmi ishki kana, yuraku-

napi: kari kiwa/warmi kiwa, kari urku/

warmi urku, kari kuychi/warmi kuychi.

“Kuychita rimashpaka rikushpaka

sumakkashkata, mishashkatami rikuchiri-

rin” (Rodríguez 1999).

Imashinami hanakman wakin killkakkuna

nishka shina; ishkantin kanamantaka mana

pantarinachu, shinapish llakikunaka katin-

llami. ¿Kay Chimborazo markapika Ishkan-

tin, ishkay kanamantaka manachu chay

llakichikuna pakalla shina purik kanka?

Kikin kawsaymantapacha willashkakunami

imashinami kichwa warmikuna karikuna-

pakaka uchillayashka shina kashakauna

(Connel 1997).

Chay parlashkakunata allitak yuyarishpa

rikukpika makaykunaka wiñaypak kama-

chik kashka shinami kan, mana rikurinchu

wiñashkalla, umapi churashka kashkalla-

manta shina kashka (Bourdieu 2015). Pierre

Bourdieu nishka shinaka, kay punlla kawsa-

ypika chayshinallatak katinmi; shinallatak

kayshukman chayshukman mana alli niku-

naka katinllami, ashtawanka protestantismo-

ta katikkuna shinallatak catolicismota

katikkunami chashna paktachishpa

katikunkuna.

Kay kawsaymanta parlashkakunaka mana

rimanchu nishkalla llakichikunamantaka,

ashtawankarin rikushka llakikuna kashkata-

mi riman, shinapish hamuktay tukunchikmi

imashinami chay llakichishkakunaka “yana-

panmi wakimpika mana yachashkamanta,

wakimpika yachashka hawallatak paykuna-

pak llapishka kawsayta rikuyta ari nishkata

hatunyachishpa” (Bourdieu 2015). Paykuna-

pak llakiri pachakunapimi rikuchinkuna,

shinallatak mirachinkunapish tukuy chay

llakichikunata. Kari warmi chikanyachi-

manta rikuypika; wiwakuna, yurakuna,

urkukuna shinallatak kuyllurkunapish sapan

paktachikunatami charinkuna, shinapish

tantachik paktachinakunata, hanakman

parlashkakunata yuyarikpika, kichwa runa-

pak kawsaypika pakallayachishkami rikurin,

karikunapak kawsayllata mirachinkarayku.

Warmikuna wakin parlashakunata rikukpika

ishkay kawsayka mana rikurinchu,

ashtawankarin ishkantik kana rikurinmi

llakichinapaklla imashina karikuna kawsa-

ypi shinallatak iñina kawsaypi llakichina-

pak. Llapishpa charik karikunaka hawaman-

tami churankuna imallata paktachinata,

mana paktachinatapish, riksishkakunatapish

shinallatak (Bourdieu 2007).

Warmikunapak aychata makana, wanachi-

naka, allichikunchik, rikuchikunchik, imapi-

sh mana alli kashkakunata niskami kashka

(Herrera 2013). Yuyaytaka wanachinami

kan, llakichina manchachina kankakama,

uchillayachina, pakana, paykunapak

munayta, yuyayta kunkakama, “llakichi-

shkakunaka mana harkarinkunachu,

ashtawankarin wanachik unanchakunata

hapishpa katinllakunami, ashtawan llapi-

shka tukushpa katinllakunami mashna

chaniwampish, ushayta charishpapish”

(Gledhill 1999).

Imamanta, imakunallamantami nik tukushpa

warmikunataka makakkuna kashka, chayku-

naka tawkakunami, achikyachina

munaywan wakinkunata riksichinchik:

“mana alli yanushkamanta, mana alli taksha-

shkamanta, wawakunata mana alli kamas-

hkamanta, karikunapa yaya mamata kariyas-

hkamanta” shuktakkunamantapish. Warmi-

kunata llakichinkapakka, imatapish hucha-

chinllakunami. Shinami warmipak aychaka

makanapak kashka shina, kasuna, manchana

tukunkama; shinami yuyayyuk, llankanata

yachak warmikuna tukukkuna ninkunami

(Lechuga 2007).

Warmikunataka makanakata mana

pinkakkunachu karka, llaktapi kawsakkuna,

ayllukuna rikuytami makakkuna kashka,

shinami ashtawan ushayyuk, alli kari nishka

rikurik kashkakuna. Shuk parlakka

charinkami kanchis chunka pichka watata,

payka ninmi; “warmikunataka yachachina-

mi kanchik, mana kashkapaka warmi man-

dashkami tukushun”.

Kay rikuymanta pachaka, shuk runaka asha-

llapi muyuchishkami kan, kichushka,

maypipish rikurashka, ashata kuyurik shina

kakpipash rikurashka, imata rurakta chapa-

ran (Foucault, 2009). Llapishka kawsayta

rikurikpika kikin aychapi killkashka shina-

mi, shinapish mana warmikunachu chay

llapishka kawsayta minkay tukuna kan

(Bourdieu, 1998 shinallatak 2015) Chashna

rikukpika, Foucault shinallatak Bourdieu

yuyachinkunami sinchi kashkata, shukka;

uchilla kawsaypi ushay tiyashkatami yachak

chayachin. Kutin, shukka pakalla, ukulla

mana rikuypak llakikuna tiyashka rikuchin.

Wakin warmikunata parlachishkamanta

yuyakpi wakimpika rimanmi maykama

paykunapak mancharishkata, shinallatak alli

nishkata paykunapak llakikuna apashkata,

shinallatak kushiyak shinami tukunkuna

paykunapak kachunkunapish chay llakiku-

nata apakushkata, paykunapak ushushikuna

chay shina llakikunata apakpipash manatak

alli ninkunachu.

Pierre Bourdieu rimashkata rikushpika

(2015) allimanpish yankamanpish warmiku-

na rimashpaka karikunamanmi ashtawan

llapishpa katichun yanapan. Wakimpika

warmikunata llakichishka mana ima alli

kashkata rikuchinchu, shinapish sinchi

kashka shinatami rikunkuna kay punlla kipa

wiñay warmikunapak kawsaykunawan

rikukpika, kay pacha kipa wiñak warmiku-

naka “mana sinchi” warmikuna nishkami

kan. Imashinami chay llakikunaka alli

kashka shinata rikuchikllatakmi karikuna-

man, warmikunamanpish kari tukushka

yuyaykunata kun, chaymanta rikukpika kay

nishkaka mana ima kashka layami rikurin:

“Kunan punlla warmikunaka wakllikuna-

mi”.

Wakin “yuyak” warmikunapak yuyaypika,

warmikunata makanaka allimi kan, ama

karikunata kariyashpa kawsachunkuna, kari-

pak mamakunata kasuchunkuna, ayllukuna-

pi ama yanka parlukunata rurachun. Wakim-

pika yuyankunami yuyayuk kachunkuna,

kazukkuna kachun, pakta, pakta kachun,

shinami llapishka, kazuchishka warmikuna-

ta rurankuna. Shinaka, ushaypak yuyaykuna,

paktachi ñankuna shinallatak hillaykunapi-

sh, ushaypak mutsurishkami kan ninmi

(Morey 2008 shinallatak Gledhil 2000),

shinapash allillatakmi wanachinaka, kan allí

warmi kachun (Morey 2008), ama llullas-

hpa, ama riparashpa, ama yankata rimashpa

kawsachun.

Karikuna llakichishpa warmikunta chari-

shkataka maykan warmikuna yanapankuna-

mi kashna rimashpa: “ñukaka ima pacha

mana yaka rimanillachu, chaytaka ñuka

kusapak mamami allitak yachachishka”.

Chaymnata washalla rimak warmikunataka

mana alli kashkatami rikuni, chaypika

yankatami rimakkashka. Karikunapura

tantanakushpapish kaminakumi kashka,

kaka warmillami kanki nikkunami kashka,

warmillatami wachachinki nikkunami

kashka. Karmi shina, warmi shunku nishpa-

mi rimarikkuna kashka.

Maykak warmikunaka kusa makanata man-

chashpami maypika mana warmi wawataka

allí chuchuchikkuna kashka. Sinashpaka,

ayllu llaktakunapika tukuy wawakuna

wacharikpi mana kushikunkunallachu Pablo

Solon nishka shina.

Protestante karikuna karitapish warmitapish

kuyanllaunami. Tukuykunami Apunchikpak

wawakuna ninkunami. Chashna rimaykuna

tiyakpimi maykan warmikunaka protestante

tukusha ninkuna. Ashtawankari, protestante

karikunaka mana hayak kakuta upyanllachu.

Warmitapish mana makanllachu. Warmiku-

napish sumaktami takinkuna ninkunami.

Shinapish, maykan protestante karikunaka

pakallami warmita makankuna.

Maykan willashkakunapi wankarikpika

protestante warmikunaka católica warmiku-

napakka allí nishka ñañakunami. Protestante

ñañakunataka allí ñawiwanmi rikunkuna,

católica warmikunaka paykuna shinami

tukusha ninkuna. Shinapash, kitillipi kawa-

sak mishukunaka protestante warmikunata

mana rikunachikchukunakarka. Supay

warmikuna nikkunami karka.

kusaka makanallmi Kan. Pitak imaninkapi-

sh. Shinaka chay llapishka kawsak warmi-

kunallatakmi yanapankuna paykunapak

llaki kawsay mirarichun (Bourdieu 2015).

Tantachishpa rikukpika, maykankunaka

católico karikunami warmikunataka

makankuna ninkunami, chaytami shamuk

killkaypika yuyarikkrinchik.

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Chimborazo markamanta shuk yuyak mama

parlashkawan kallarinchik:

Imashinami kusakuna paykunapak warmi-

kunata kaspikunawan waktashpa makaktami

rikurkani. Wiwakunata shinami makakkuna

karka. Ishki kimsata waktaywanmi

urmakkuna karka. Wakimpika warmikunaka

paykunapak kusakuna shinallatak machas-

hkakuna karka. Yuyak warmikunapa umaku-

nata rikukpika achkakunami umakunapi

chukri alliyashkakunata charinkuna. Sinchi

warmikunami kak karkakuna, yawarta

pichariwanmi paykunapak kusakunata

katishpa takiwan, wakaywan rikkuna karka.

Kunan punllakunaka yallitak hawalla

warmikunami kankuna. Manapish sinchita

rimakpimi wasikunamanta rinkuna, shita-

nakunkuna, apukunapak ñawpakman rinku-

napish. (Juana Gualli, iskay punlla sasi killa

de 2016)

Shuktak kawsay:

Ishki kutinmi umata pakirka, mashna

kutintakshi chankakuna, chakikuna,

rikrakunapish ankasyarkashi, ashka

waktaykunamanta. Rikunki ñuka

imatami rurak kani nanaytakunata

anchuchinkapak, puri tukunkapakpi-

sh; “chawpi punllami kallpak karkani

maypimi yana tiyu yaku allpa tiyan-

man, chay rupakuk allpawanmi

kakurik kani. Chashnami mana yalli

nanakpi, purita ushakkani. Kunan

punlla warmikunaka willanaman

kallpakunkunallami, mana ñukan-

chik shina sinchikunachu. Kunan

punlla warmikuna paykunapak

kusakuna manapish sinchita rimakpi-

mi wasimanta llukshishpa rinkuna.

(María Guaman, chunka pichka

punlla wayru killa de 2016)

Kay parlashkakunamanta, allimi tapurina:

¿Kichwa warmikunta mana kashushpaka,

maypitak mishayashka sumak kawsayka

sakirin? ¿Mishayashka sumak kawsana

shutipichu warmikunata makashpa kaw-

sankuna? Tatzo (1996) shinallatak Rodri-

guez tapurikkunami kariwarmi yanaparina-

manta, kashna ninkuna: warmi, kari.

Inti killaka rikuchinmi achikta amsata, karita

warmita, kawsayta wañuyta; tukuy kay

pachapi imalla tiyashkatapish.

Ishkantin, ishkay tukushpa sumakta kawsa-

yka mana nishkallachu kana kan, runa sami

kawsaypika tiyantakmi ishki kana, yuraku-

napi: kari kiwa/warmi kiwa, kari urku/

warmi urku, kari kuychi/warmi kuychi.

“Kuychita rimashpaka rikushpaka

sumakkashkata, mishashkatami rikuchiri-

rin” (Rodríguez 1999).

Imashinami hanakman wakin killkakkuna

nishka shina; ishkantin kanamantaka mana

pantarinachu, shinapish llakikunaka katin-

llami. ¿Kay Chimborazo markapika Ishkan-

tin, ishkay kanamantaka manachu chay

llakichikuna pakalla shina purik kanka?

Kikin kawsaymantapacha willashkakunami

imashinami kichwa warmikuna karikuna-

pakaka uchillayashka shina kashakauna

(Connel 1997).

Chay parlashkakunata allitak yuyarishpa

rikukpika makaykunaka wiñaypak kama-

chik kashka shinami kan, mana rikurinchu

wiñashkalla, umapi churashka kashkalla-

manta shina kashka (Bourdieu 2015). Pierre

Bourdieu nishka shinaka, kay punlla kawsa-

ypika chayshinallatak katinmi; shinallatak

kayshukman chayshukman mana alli niku-

naka katinllami, ashtawanka protestantismo-

ta katikkuna shinallatak catolicismota

katikkunami chashna paktachishpa

katikunkuna.

Kay kawsaymanta parlashkakunaka mana

rimanchu nishkalla llakichikunamantaka,

ashtawankarin rikushka llakikuna kashkata-

mi riman, shinapish hamuktay tukunchikmi

imashinami chay llakichishkakunaka “yana-

panmi wakimpika mana yachashkamanta,

wakimpika yachashka hawallatak paykuna-

pak llapishka kawsayta rikuyta ari nishkata

hatunyachishpa” (Bourdieu 2015). Paykuna-

pak llakiri pachakunapimi rikuchinkuna,

shinallatak mirachinkunapish tukuy chay

llakichikunata. Kari warmi chikanyachi-

manta rikuypika; wiwakuna, yurakuna,

urkukuna shinallatak kuyllurkunapish sapan

paktachikunatami charinkuna, shinapish

tantachik paktachinakunata, hanakman

parlashkakunata yuyarikpika, kichwa runa-

pak kawsaypika pakallayachishkami rikurin,

karikunapak kawsayllata mirachinkarayku.

Warmikuna wakin parlashakunata rikukpika

ishkay kawsayka mana rikurinchu,

ashtawankarin ishkantik kana rikurinmi

llakichinapaklla imashina karikuna kawsa-

ypi shinallatak iñina kawsaypi llakichina-

pak. Llapishpa charik karikunaka hawaman-

tami churankuna imallata paktachinata,

mana paktachinatapish, riksishkakunatapish

shinallatak (Bourdieu 2007).

Warmikunapak aychata makana, wanachi-

naka, allichikunchik, rikuchikunchik, imapi-

sh mana alli kashkakunata niskami kashka

(Herrera 2013). Yuyaytaka wanachinami

kan, llakichina manchachina kankakama,

uchillayachina, pakana, paykunapak

munayta, yuyayta kunkakama, “llakichi-

shkakunaka mana harkarinkunachu,

ashtawankarin wanachik unanchakunata

hapishpa katinllakunami, ashtawan llapi-

shka tukushpa katinllakunami mashna

chaniwampish, ushayta charishpapish”

(Gledhill 1999).

Imamanta, imakunallamantami nik tukushpa

warmikunataka makakkuna kashka, chayku-

naka tawkakunami, achikyachina

munaywan wakinkunata riksichinchik:

“mana alli yanushkamanta, mana alli taksha-

shkamanta, wawakunata mana alli kamas-

hkamanta, karikunapa yaya mamata kariyas-

hkamanta” shuktakkunamantapish. Warmi-

kunata llakichinkapakka, imatapish hucha-

chinllakunami. Shinami warmipak aychaka

makanapak kashka shina, kasuna, manchana

tukunkama; shinami yuyayyuk, llankanata

yachak warmikuna tukukkuna ninkunami

(Lechuga 2007).

Warmikunataka makanakata mana

pinkakkunachu karka, llaktapi kawsakkuna,

ayllukuna rikuytami makakkuna kashka,

shinami ashtawan ushayyuk, alli kari nishka

rikurik kashkakuna. Shuk parlakka

charinkami kanchis chunka pichka watata,

payka ninmi; “warmikunataka yachachina-

mi kanchik, mana kashkapaka warmi man-

dashkami tukushun”.

Kay rikuymanta pachaka, shuk runaka asha-

llapi muyuchishkami kan, kichushka,

maypipish rikurashka, ashata kuyurik shina

kakpipash rikurashka, imata rurakta chapa-

ran (Foucault, 2009). Llapishka kawsayta

rikurikpika kikin aychapi killkashka shina-

mi, shinapish mana warmikunachu chay

llapishka kawsayta minkay tukuna kan

(Bourdieu, 1998 shinallatak 2015) Chashna

rikukpika, Foucault shinallatak Bourdieu

yuyachinkunami sinchi kashkata, shukka;

uchilla kawsaypi ushay tiyashkatami yachak

chayachin. Kutin, shukka pakalla, ukulla

mana rikuypak llakikuna tiyashka rikuchin.

Wakin warmikunata parlachishkamanta

yuyakpi wakimpika rimanmi maykama

paykunapak mancharishkata, shinallatak alli

nishkata paykunapak llakikuna apashkata,

shinallatak kushiyak shinami tukunkuna

paykunapak kachunkunapish chay llakiku-

nata apakushkata, paykunapak ushushikuna

chay shina llakikunata apakpipash manatak

alli ninkunachu.

Pierre Bourdieu rimashkata rikushpika

(2015) allimanpish yankamanpish warmiku-

na rimashpaka karikunamanmi ashtawan

llapishpa katichun yanapan. Wakimpika

warmikunata llakichishka mana ima alli

kashkata rikuchinchu, shinapish sinchi

kashka shinatami rikunkuna kay punlla kipa

wiñay warmikunapak kawsaykunawan

rikukpika, kay pacha kipa wiñak warmiku-

naka “mana sinchi” warmikuna nishkami

kan. Imashinami chay llakikunaka alli

kashka shinata rikuchikllatakmi karikuna-

man, warmikunamanpish kari tukushka

yuyaykunata kun, chaymanta rikukpika kay

nishkaka mana ima kashka layami rikurin:

“Kunan punlla warmikunaka wakllikuna-

mi”.

Wakin “yuyak” warmikunapak yuyaypika,

warmikunata makanaka allimi kan, ama

karikunata kariyashpa kawsachunkuna, kari-

pak mamakunata kasuchunkuna, ayllukuna-

pi ama yanka parlukunata rurachun. Wakim-

pika yuyankunami yuyayuk kachunkuna,

kazukkuna kachun, pakta, pakta kachun,

shinami llapishka, kazuchishka warmikuna-

ta rurankuna. Shinaka, ushaypak yuyaykuna,

paktachi ñankuna shinallatak hillaykunapi-

sh, ushaypak mutsurishkami kan ninmi

(Morey 2008 shinallatak Gledhil 2000),

shinapash allillatakmi wanachinaka, kan allí

warmi kachun (Morey 2008), ama llullas-

hpa, ama riparashpa, ama yankata rimashpa

kawsachun.

Karikuna llakichishpa warmikunta chari-

shkataka maykan warmikuna yanapankuna-

mi kashna rimashpa: “ñukaka ima pacha

mana yaka rimanillachu, chaytaka ñuka

kusapak mamami allitak yachachishka”.

Chaymnata washalla rimak warmikunataka

mana alli kashkatami rikuni, chaypika

Chimborazo markapika, católico, protestan-

te runakunami piñarinakushpalla, allí

kashpalapish kawsankuna. Kay Bourdieu

(2007) yachaypi wankarikpika religión

hatun pampa (campo) shinami, catolicismo

protestantismo nishkakuna uchilla pampa

shinami (subcampos).

Hatun pampa kunapi, uchilla pampakunapi-

mi ashka makanakuy tiyankuna, paykuna-

pak ashaka charishkata mana kacharisha

nishpa. Pampakunapi charikkuna mana

kacharisha nishpa, pampapi mana charikku-

naka kichushun nishpami makanakuyman

yaykunkuna. Mishanakuy pampakunamanta

yuyarikpika; paykunapak makanakuytami

ashtawan rikuchinkuna (De Luque 2002).

Kay Chimborazo markapi católico shinalla-

tak protestante kawsayta rikukpika achka

watakunatami mishanakuy, makanakuy

shamushkakuna.

Kay makanakuypika protesante runakuna

piñarishpaka kashnami rimankuna: “ma-

chakkuna”, “makakkuna”, “mana apunchik-

ta katikkuna”, “aychapaklla kawsakkuna”,

“rurashkalla apunchikpi krikkuna” nishpa.

Chashna piñanakuymantami kaymanta

wichimanka killkarikrin.

Parlachishkakunata uyakpika; machashka

runaka sinchi kashkatami willarishpa kapa-

rikka kashka, payllapitak achkata waktari-

shpa. Paypak kari tukushka kashkata, shina-

llatak kichwa runa kashkatami kashna nin:

CATÓLICOS “MACHAKKUNA”

“¡Ñukami kani Juanchi Gushñi, karaju!”

Ñukami runa kani karaju. Chashnami runa

kashkata rikuchishpa shina nik kashka (An-

drade 2005), ashtawan sinchiyakmi kashka

machashka kashpa kitillikunapi kawsak

mishukunapak rikuypi, chay mishukunami

tukuy kullki ushayta, llakta pushayta, apun-

chikman tantarikunatapish charikkuna

karka.

Machashpallami ashtawantakka karikashata

rikuchik kasha. Chashna machashpami kari

wiwashina maypika warmikunata makakku-

na kashka. Kari wanrataka, pipash mama

urmachinkachu nikunami kashka. Machas-

hpallami karipak warmipak imalla ruranata

sinchita rimakak kashka (Gutmann 1997).

Shinallatak kaparikkunami wayrapi uyarikta

paykuna kari kashkata “¡Ñukami kari kani,

karaju!” “¡Ñukami kari wamra kani karaju!”

nishpa. Machashka runaka mana paypak

llapirishka kawsayllatachu yuyarin,

ashtawankarin paypak mashipak chimpapu-

ra, paypak warmipak chimpapurapimi sinchi

kari kashkata rikuchin.

Shinllatak, ashtawan kari kashkata rikuchin-

mi kari wawarak wacharikpi. Kusaka, shuk

kari wawar wacharikpika kushikushpa,

sinchikashkatami rikuchin. Kari wawapak

yayaka ashtawan kari kari kashkatai riku-

chin. Paypay shutipish mirarinkami ninmi.

Pablo Solon (2016), paypak Kamuk: “¿Alli

kawsanata ushanchikchu?” nishkapika kash-

nami nin; ayllu llaktakunapika, shuk wawa

wacharikpika ashka kushikuymi kan, tukuy

ayllukunami tantanakuspa karanakunkuna.

Chaymi, kay tapuykuna llukshin ¿Shuk

warmi wawa wacharikpika shinallatakchu

kushiyankakuna?

Parlachishkunata uyakpika, maykan warmi-

kunaka llaki kawsashkatami willankuna.

Warmi wawa wacharikpika kusakuna

makakmi kashka, shuktak ayllukunapish

karka, paykunami tukuytapish yalli apukuna

kashkamanta shinallatak paykuna chay

llaktata michik kashkamanta shinallatak

paykunaka apunchik kachashkamanta.

Chashna rikukpika, paykunaka tukuytami

harkanata munashka, punllanta kawsayta

ayllullaktapi imashina kawsanta rikushpapi-

sh, sawarishkapi imashinatak kawsan chays-

hinallatak aychapura chayarinakuykuna-

mantapish (Federici 2016).

yankatami rimakkashka. Karikunapura

tantanakushpapish kaminakumi kashka,

kaka warmillami kanki nikkunami kashka,

warmillatami wachachinki nikkunami

kashka. Karmi shina, warmi shunku nishpa-

mi rimarikkuna kashka.

Maykak warmikunaka kusa makanata man-

chashpami maypika mana warmi wawataka

allí chuchuchikkuna kashka. Sinashpaka,

ayllu llaktakunapika tukuy wawakuna

wacharikpi mana kushikunkunallachu Pablo

Solon nishka shina.

Protestante karikuna karitapish warmitapish

kuyanllaunami. Tukuykunami Apunchikpak

wawakuna ninkunami. Chashna rimaykuna

tiyakpimi maykan warmikunaka protestante

tukusha ninkuna. Ashtawankari, protestante

karikunaka mana hayak kakuta upyanllachu.

Warmitapish mana makanllachu. Warmiku-

napish sumaktami takinkuna ninkunami.

Shinapish, maykan protestante karikunaka

pakallami warmita makankuna.

Maykan willashkakunapi wankarikpika

protestante warmikunaka católica warmiku-

napakka allí nishka ñañakunami. Protestante

ñañakunataka allí ñawiwanmi rikunkuna,

católica warmikunaka paykuna shinami

tukusha ninkuna. Shinapash, kitillipi kawa-

sak mishukunaka protestante warmikunata

mana rikunachikchukunakarka. Supay

warmikuna nikkunami karka.

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Chimborazo markapika, católico, protestan-

te runakunami piñarinakushpalla, allí

kashpalapish kawsankuna. Kay Bourdieu

(2007) yachaypi wankarikpika religión

hatun pampa (campo) shinami, catolicismo

protestantismo nishkakuna uchilla pampa

shinami (subcampos).

Hatun pampa kunapi, uchilla pampakunapi-

mi ashka makanakuy tiyankuna, paykuna-

pak ashaka charishkata mana kacharisha

nishpa. Pampakunapi charikkuna mana

kacharisha nishpa, pampapi mana charikku-

naka kichushun nishpami makanakuyman

yaykunkuna. Mishanakuy pampakunamanta

yuyarikpika; paykunapak makanakuytami

ashtawan rikuchinkuna (De Luque 2002).

Kay Chimborazo markapi católico shinalla-

tak protestante kawsayta rikukpika achka

watakunatami mishanakuy, makanakuy

shamushkakuna.

Kay makanakuypika protesante runakuna

piñarishpaka kashnami rimankuna: “ma-

chakkuna”, “makakkuna”, “mana apunchik-

ta katikkuna”, “aychapaklla kawsakkuna”,

“rurashkalla apunchikpi krikkuna” nishpa.

Chashna piñanakuymantami kaymanta

wichimanka killkarikrin.

Parlachishkakunata uyakpika; machashka

runaka sinchi kashkatami willarishpa kapa-

rikka kashka, payllapitak achkata waktari-

shpa. Paypak kari tukushka kashkata, shina-

llatak kichwa runa kashkatami kashna nin:

PROTESTANTE KARI

WARMIKUNAWAN

YUMANAKUYMANTA

“¡Ñukami kani Juanchi Gushñi, karaju!”

Ñukami runa kani karaju. Chashnami runa

kashkata rikuchishpa shina nik kashka (An-

drade 2005), ashtawan sinchiyakmi kashka

machashka kashpa kitillikunapi kawsak

mishukunapak rikuypi, chay mishukunami

tukuy kullki ushayta, llakta pushayta, apun-

chikman tantarikunatapish charikkuna

karka.

Machashpallami ashtawantakka karikashata

rikuchik kasha. Chashna machashpami kari

wiwashina maypika warmikunata makakku-

na kashka. Kari wanrataka, pipash mama

urmachinkachu nikunami kashka. Machas-

hpallami karipak warmipak imalla ruranata

sinchita rimakak kashka (Gutmann 1997).

Shinallatak kaparikkunami wayrapi uyarikta

paykuna kari kashkata “¡Ñukami kari kani,

karaju!” “¡Ñukami kari wamra kani karaju!”

nishpa. Machashka runaka mana paypak

llapirishka kawsayllatachu yuyarin,

ashtawankarin paypak mashipak chimpapu-

ra, paypak warmipak chimpapurapimi sinchi

kari kashkata rikuchin.

Shinllatak, ashtawan kari kashkata rikuchin-

mi kari wawarak wacharikpi. Kusaka, shuk

kari wawar wacharikpika kushikushpa,

sinchikashkatami rikuchin. Kari wawapak

yayaka ashtawan kari kari kashkatai riku-

chin. Paypay shutipish mirarinkami ninmi.

Pablo Solon (2016), paypak Kamuk: “¿Alli

kawsanata ushanchikchu?” nishkapika kash-

nami nin; ayllu llaktakunapika, shuk wawa

wacharikpika ashka kushikuymi kan, tukuy

ayllukunami tantanakuspa karanakunkuna.

Chaymi, kay tapuykuna llukshin ¿Shuk

warmi wawa wacharikpika shinallatakchu

kushiyankakuna?

Parlachishkunata uyakpika, maykan warmi-

kunaka llaki kawsashkatami willankuna.

Warmi wawa wacharikpika kusakuna

makakmi kashka, shuktak ayllukunapish

Alli tukushka warmikunaka alli nishkami

kashkakuna “mushuk” Apunchikman tanta-

rishka wasikunapi, aychapi shinallatak kaw-

saypi warmikunaka alli kuyashkakuna,

kazushkakuna católico tantarishkakunawan

rikukpika may sumakmi kashkakuna krik

tukuk warmikunaka, apunchikta yuyarina

wasimanpish kayakkunami kashka. Chayka

mana nisha ninchu warmikunaka kachari-

shpa sakishkami tukushka nishpaka,

ashtawampish ashtawan rikurashkakunami

kashkakuna aycha munaypi, mana sawari-

shka kashpa, sawarishkamanta kanllamanka

aycha pura mana chayarinapi, chaytaka

warmikunapak ñutkupimi allitak churakku-

na, chayta mana paktachikpika sawarina

warmitaka apunchikpak wasi kanlla pampa-

llapimi sawarichikkuna, chayka achka

pinkaymi ayllukunapak shinallatak apunchi-

kpak wasiman tantarishkakunapakpish,

chaykunata riparanakushpami alliklla parla-

nakukkuna, asikkuna, mana rikuyta chan-

zakkuna, llakirik tukukkuna.

Apunchikpak tantari wasikunaka mana

paykunallachu kashna llakichik kashka

ashtawanpish Willachik antakuna, yachana

wasikunapish chay llakikuna tiyachunka

yanapashka. Kay rikuymantaka ni tukunchi-

kmi Protestantekuna tantarishka apunchi-

kpak wasikunaka shuk wichkana wasi shina-

mi tukushka, shinapish mana wichkashpa

charinkapak, ashtawankarin aychatapish

samaytapish rikurakkuna kashkamanta,

“pimi” chay tantarishka ukupi rikushpa

katirankapak. Rikuraykuna shinallatak

katiraykunaka mana samarikchu. Maypipish

muyushpa rikurakkunami. (Foucault 2009).

Shina kashpaka protestante tantarishkaku-

naka mana hapishkakunachu católicokuna-

pak kawsayllata, ashtawankarin mirachi-

shkakunami warmikunata ashtawan llaki-

chinkapak chayshina karikunapak yuyayku-

nallatak sinchiyachishpa.

Aycha pura chayarinakuy ama tiyachunka

rikuraykuna, katiraykunaka tiyanmi protes-

tantekunapak kawsaypika, chaypakmi tanta-

rishkakunaka achkata llankashkakuna, kay

apunchikpak katika sapiyachishka kachun,

chaymanta rikunkapak sawarita shinallatak

aycha pura chayarinakuy hawapish,

ashtawanakrin karikuna warmikuna,

musukuna kuytzakuna ama maypish kachun

warmiwan kariwan kawsaykunapi

kachunkuna (Fedrici 2016). Chay yuyayku-

naka michikkunapakka shamunmi apunchik

killkachishkakunamanta, “Pacha kamakpak

munayka sumakyachishka kachun, karuya-

chun huchakunamanta, aycha munaymanta”

nishpa (1 Tesalonecenses 4, 3).

Chay rikuymantaka, kichwakunapak apun-

chikman tantarinakushkamanta yuyayku-

naka, katiranmi, harkanmi, mitzanmi

chikanyachinmi (Foucault 2007), shinami

kipa wiñayka, warmika, mamaka, protestan-

te runa warmika, warmi shinaka kawsanata

hapin, alli nishka kanata paypak yuyaypi

tarpun (Bourdieu 2015), Pacha Kamak

killkachishka kamukpi nishkamantaka,

ayllukunapishmi mirachinkuna.

Shina, warmipak yuyayka ukuyashpa katin

punllanta yachachishkakunata chaskishpa

tukuy samaypi, yuyaypi, shinami yuyarin

paktachin punllanta, machaymanta shinami

pacha kamakman mañan, tiyarin, mancha-

chishka shinallatak takin (Bourdieu 2013).

Shuk rimaykunapika warmikunapak

yuyayka shukllayashkami tantarishka kaw-

saypika, chaymantami chashna manchay

kawsaytaka paypak umapi shinallatak

aychapi, shinaka tukuytakmi llakichikkuna-

pak yuyayka aychayashpa sakirin, llakita

apashpa kawsankapak (Negri shinallatak

Hardt 2002).

Católicokunapish, protestantekunapish

aycha munayta ari ninkunami sawarishka

kashpalla, Foucault nishkata hapishpaka

kayta nin:

…kallaripika apunchikta katikkunami

churashkakuna ñawpa tantarishkakuna-

man shuk paktachinata, shuklla warmi-

wanmi kawsana nishpa; kipataka

pachakamakllatakmi chashna mirashpa

kawsachunka churashka, mana chayllata

paktachichun nishpapish ashawan

kachashka yuyaymi kashka, kariwan

warmiwan aychapura chayarinaka

kankami mirankapaklla, wawata

charinkapaklla nishka. Tukuripika,

aychapura chayarinakushpaka mana

kankachu aychay munaymantallaka

nishkami… (2007:18)

Kay yuyaykunata paktachinaka katinllami

kichwakunapak apunchikman tantarina wasi

yuyaykunapi, apunchikpak killkachishkaku-

napimi tantarinkuna, aycha pura chayari-

nakuytaka harkarinatakmi kan mana sawari-

shpa, shinallatak sawarishkamanta kanlla-

mampish, ishkantik aychapura chayarinaku-

yka huchami shinallatak shuktak llakikuna-

mi kan. Manapish sawarishkakuna aycha

pura chayarinakuyka aycha munay huchami,

kaytaka apunchikpak shimika wanachinmi,

protestantekunapak apukunaka llakichinmi

paykunaka paktachinapak ushayta charin-

chikmi minkay tukushka tantarikunata

pushak kashkamantaka nishpa, shina wana-

chikunataka mana karikunatachu rurankuna,

wakinlla paktachishpapish mana sinchita

wanachinkunachu.

Shinami, warmikunapak aychaka paykuna-

tak llakichishka kankapak allichirishka

shina kan, imashinami Silvi Federici nishka

shina:

Kay shinami, aycha pura chayarimanta

rikukpika, wawakunata charina,

mama tukunaka warmikunapak

ñawpamanta kawsay, yachay shina

tukushpa katishka. Warmikunamanta

llankakkunaka kaykunatami kanlla-

man llukshichishkakuna, chay

yuyaykunata mañayta churashkaku-

na mana allichu nishpa, chay shinami

karikunaka llakichishpa, manchachi-

shpa warmikunapak aychaka payku-

napak kashkata rurashkakuna, sapi-

yachishkakunami warmikunapak

aychaka ushaypak hillaykuna, shina-

llatak ushaypak tantachik kashka

shinata rurashpa. (2016:27)

Aycha pura chayarinaka; Pacha Kamak

munashka, alli apunchikta katikpak

yuyaypika kusantin warmintin kashpami

chayarinakuna, aycha pura chayari kaw-

saytaka punllanta katirashkami kan. Nishun-

lla; michikkuna paykunapak rimaypika

ninnkunami Apunchikpak killkachishka

shimi nishkata Hebreos 13:4 pi hapishpaka

kaytami nin “Tukuykuna sawaritaka kuyay-

chik, kusapaklla, warmipaklla kaychik,

aycha munay huchataka Pacha Kamakka

wanachinkami” Shinallatakmi michikkuna-

pish yuyachinkuna “Pacha Kamakka aycha

pura chayritaka sawarishka kawsaypi pakta-

chichik” ama tiyachun mana munashka

chichu sakirina, shitashka wawakuna ama

tiyachun, aycha pura chayarinakushkmanta

unkuykuna ama tiyachun, kuytza mamakuna

ama tiyachun, shulluykuna illachun. Pacha

Kamak munanmi; shitashka warmikuna,

wawakuna ama tiyachun. Shinashpaka kari-

kuna warmikunata rikurashka, wanachi-

shkaka alli nishkami sakirin. “Wanachinalla-

takmi kashkani, rikuranami kani, kanllatak

yachankimi mana allichu shuwana, wañu-

china, manapish sawarishka kashpa wawata

charina, manarak sawarishpa aycha pura

chayarina” (Morey 2008).

Tawka parlachishkakunami ninkuna; aycha

munayta harkarinaka warmikunapakmi

nishpa, ninkunami: Kanllatak kikimpak

aychaman chayarikta sakikpimi karikuna

chayarin, kanmi huchayuk kanki aychapi

chayachishkamanta, kazuchinami karkanki

warmi shinaka, kaytaka apunchikman tanta-

rishka wasikunamantaka mayhankunapish

rimanllami, paktanmi kichwa runakunapi

shinallak mishukunapipish.

Achka kutinmi karikunapak llakichiku-

naka warmikunamanta ari nishka

kan, paykunallatak allipi sakirishun

nishpa, chaymantami warmikunaka

shuklla apunchikta katik runata

munana, yuyana shinapish sawari-

shka kashpalla, shinami riksishka

kashun ninkuna “Pacha Kamakpak

llankakkuna shina” kikin tantarishka

apunchikta katina wasi ukupi. Shina-

mi yanapankuna warmikunaka llapi-

shka, llakichishka kawsaypi kanata,

imashinami nin Pierre Bourdieu.

(2015:42)

Aycha munayta harkarinapak katirayku-

naka shamunmi Apunchikpak shimi

killkachishkamanta, shinallatak

michikkkunamanta. Hatun pushayta

mana kashpaka rikurayta churashka

shinami aycha kawsaypak. Michi-

kkuna, Pacha Kamakpak shimita

willakkunaka “yachachinkunami

Pacha Kamak tukuy ñukanchikpak

hawapi kashkata, chaymanta mana

huchallipakchu” (Federici 2016).

Apunchikpak wasiman tantarishka protes-

tantekunapish tzikninkunami, wanachinku-

nami mana “karipish warmipish chay tanta-

rishka ukumanta kakpika”, chayka nisha

ninmi mana chay apunchikta iñina ukuman-

tallatak sawarikkuna kakpi. Shuk protestan-

tewan, shuk católicawan sawarikpika achka-

tami tapurinkuna, apunchikta katikwan,

mana apunchikta katikwan sawarishkakuna

nishpa, protestantekunaka yuyankunami

mana krik warmika allichirina kashkata,

chayka mayta “mana harkaypakmi” kan

ninkunami. Chimborazo markapak runa

warmikunapika, karikunami yuyarinkuna

paypak warmipak kawsaymantaka, yuyarin-

mi maypi kawsanata, mayhan ayllukunawan

kawsanata, warmika chayta paktachinallata-

mi charin mana imata ashtawan nishpalla,

chaytaka apunchikpak shimi killkachishka-

llapitakmi nikun ninmi 1 Corintios 11:8

“karika mana warmimanta shamunchu,

ashtawanakrin warmimi karimanta shamun”

chaytaka wakin michikkuna chaytakmi kana

kan nishkmanta, karikuna llapishka, warmi-

kunaka katishpa kawsakkunalla kachun.

Pacha Kamakpak killkachishkataka mana

pipash imata ninchu, ashtawankarin warmi-

kunami allilla parlanakunkuna.

Kayta paktachik warmikunaka; “Apunchikta

alli katik warmi”, “alli llaktayuk”, “alli

warmi”, nishkami kan, Matthew Gutmann

(1997), nishka shinaka Warmikunapak alli

kankami; alli warmi kana u mana kashpaka

warmi shina alli kana, chaytami chikanya-

china, kayta rikukpika warmi shina tukuypi

alli kanami alli kan, mana warmi kana ña

wacharishkamantalla.

Apunchikpak wasimanta kanllaman sawari-

shka, sawarina warmi churarina illaklla

sawarinaka; ayllukunapak shinallatak sawa-

rikkunapak pinkaymi kan, chayka rikuchin-

mi aycha pura chayarinakuyka shuk pinkay

kashkata imashinami nin warmikunata

mitzak Silvia Federici (2016), ashtawampish

wakin hatunyachishkakunapak chikanyachi,

apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkapi mana

wankuri tukuy. Shuktak llakichikunaka,

pinkaypi sakirishka sawarikkunaka apunchi-

kpak wasiman mana yaykuy tukunkakuna-

chu tawka killakunata, chaytaka sapan apun-

chikpak wasiman tantarishkakunapi pakta-

chinkuna. Mayhan wanachi kachumpish,

chay ishki tukushkakunata tukuyman riku-

chi, tukuyman willaymi kan, shinami tuku-

ykuna riparashka, kayta chayta nishka,

wakinkuna huchachishka, wakinkuna llaki-

rishpa rikunkuna wakin michikkuna, pusha-

kkuna chaypi tantarishka chusku, pichka

runakuna wanachishkamantaka, chaykunaka

mana paypak kawsayta kawsak nishkakuna,

ashtawanka karikunallami chay tantari-

shkakunaka kankuna,

Protestante tantarishkunapika warmikuna-

pak kawsayta rikunkapakka kusakunami

karka, paypaka yayamamapish shinapish

ashtawan yallika michikkunatami kazuna

karka, paykunami tukuytapish yalli apukuna

kashkamanta shinallatak paykuna chay

llaktata michik kashkamanta shinallatak

paykunaka apunchik kachashkamanta.

Chashna rikukpika, paykunaka tukuytami

harkanata munashka, punllanta kawsayta

ayllullaktapi imashina kawsanta rikushpapi-

sh, sawarishkapi imashinatak kawsan chays-

hinallatak aychapura chayarinakuykuna-

mantapish (Federici 2016).

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Alli tukushka warmikunaka alli nishkami

kashkakuna “mushuk” Apunchikman tanta-

rishka wasikunapi, aychapi shinallatak kaw-

saypi warmikunaka alli kuyashkakuna,

kazushkakuna católico tantarishkakunawan

rikukpika may sumakmi kashkakuna krik

tukuk warmikunaka, apunchikta yuyarina

wasimanpish kayakkunami kashka. Chayka

mana nisha ninchu warmikunaka kachari-

shpa sakishkami tukushka nishpaka,

ashtawampish ashtawan rikurashkakunami

kashkakuna aycha munaypi, mana sawari-

shka kashpa, sawarishkamanta kanllamanka

aycha pura mana chayarinapi, chaytaka

warmikunapak ñutkupimi allitak churakku-

na, chayta mana paktachikpika sawarina

warmitaka apunchikpak wasi kanlla pampa-

llapimi sawarichikkuna, chayka achka

pinkaymi ayllukunapak shinallatak apunchi-

kpak wasiman tantarishkakunapakpish,

chaykunata riparanakushpami alliklla parla-

nakukkuna, asikkuna, mana rikuyta chan-

zakkuna, llakirik tukukkuna.

Apunchikpak tantari wasikunaka mana

paykunallachu kashna llakichik kashka

ashtawanpish Willachik antakuna, yachana

wasikunapish chay llakikuna tiyachunka

yanapashka. Kay rikuymantaka ni tukunchi-

kmi Protestantekuna tantarishka apunchi-

kpak wasikunaka shuk wichkana wasi shina-

mi tukushka, shinapish mana wichkashpa

charinkapak, ashtawankarin aychatapish

samaytapish rikurakkuna kashkamanta,

“pimi” chay tantarishka ukupi rikushpa

katirankapak. Rikuraykuna shinallatak

katiraykunaka mana samarikchu. Maypipish

muyushpa rikurakkunami. (Foucault 2009).

Shina kashpaka protestante tantarishkaku-

naka mana hapishkakunachu católicokuna-

pak kawsayllata, ashtawankarin mirachi-

shkakunami warmikunata ashtawan llaki-

chinkapak chayshina karikunapak yuyayku-

nallatak sinchiyachishpa.

Aycha pura chayarinakuy ama tiyachunka

rikuraykuna, katiraykunaka tiyanmi protes-

tantekunapak kawsaypika, chaypakmi tanta-

rishkakunaka achkata llankashkakuna, kay

apunchikpak katika sapiyachishka kachun,

chaymanta rikunkapak sawarita shinallatak

aycha pura chayarinakuy hawapish,

ashtawanakrin karikuna warmikuna,

musukuna kuytzakuna ama maypish kachun

warmiwan kariwan kawsaykunapi

kachunkuna (Fedrici 2016). Chay yuyayku-

naka michikkunapakka shamunmi apunchik

killkachishkakunamanta, “Pacha kamakpak

munayka sumakyachishka kachun, karuya-

chun huchakunamanta, aycha munaymanta”

nishpa (1 Tesalonecenses 4, 3).

Chay rikuymantaka, kichwakunapak apun-

chikman tantarinakushkamanta yuyayku-

naka, katiranmi, harkanmi, mitzanmi

chikanyachinmi (Foucault 2007), shinami

kipa wiñayka, warmika, mamaka, protestan-

te runa warmika, warmi shinaka kawsanata

hapin, alli nishka kanata paypak yuyaypi

tarpun (Bourdieu 2015), Pacha Kamak

killkachishka kamukpi nishkamantaka,

ayllukunapishmi mirachinkuna.

Shina, warmipak yuyayka ukuyashpa katin

punllanta yachachishkakunata chaskishpa

tukuy samaypi, yuyaypi, shinami yuyarin

paktachin punllanta, machaymanta shinami

pacha kamakman mañan, tiyarin, mancha-

chishka shinallatak takin (Bourdieu 2013).

Shuk rimaykunapika warmikunapak

yuyayka shukllayashkami tantarishka kaw-

saypika, chaymantami chashna manchay

kawsaytaka paypak umapi shinallatak

aychapi, shinaka tukuytakmi llakichikkuna-

pak yuyayka aychayashpa sakirin, llakita

apashpa kawsankapak (Negri shinallatak

Hardt 2002).

Católicokunapish, protestantekunapish

aycha munayta ari ninkunami sawarishka

kashpalla, Foucault nishkata hapishpaka

kayta nin:

…kallaripika apunchikta katikkunami

churashkakuna ñawpa tantarishkakuna-

man shuk paktachinata, shuklla warmi-

wanmi kawsana nishpa; kipataka

pachakamakllatakmi chashna mirashpa

kawsachunka churashka, mana chayllata

paktachichun nishpapish ashawan

kachashka yuyaymi kashka, kariwan

warmiwan aychapura chayarinaka

kankami mirankapaklla, wawata

charinkapaklla nishka. Tukuripika,

aychapura chayarinakushpaka mana

kankachu aychay munaymantallaka

nishkami… (2007:18)

Kay yuyaykunata paktachinaka katinllami

kichwakunapak apunchikman tantarina wasi

yuyaykunapi, apunchikpak killkachishkaku-

napimi tantarinkuna, aycha pura chayari-

nakuytaka harkarinatakmi kan mana sawari-

shpa, shinallatak sawarishkamanta kanlla-

mampish, ishkantik aychapura chayarinaku-

yka huchami shinallatak shuktak llakikuna-

mi kan. Manapish sawarishkakuna aycha

pura chayarinakuyka aycha munay huchami,

kaytaka apunchikpak shimika wanachinmi,

protestantekunapak apukunaka llakichinmi

paykunaka paktachinapak ushayta charin-

chikmi minkay tukushka tantarikunata

pushak kashkamantaka nishpa, shina wana-

chikunataka mana karikunatachu rurankuna,

wakinlla paktachishpapish mana sinchita

wanachinkunachu.

Shinami, warmikunapak aychaka paykuna-

tak llakichishka kankapak allichirishka

shina kan, imashinami Silvi Federici nishka

shina:

Kay shinami, aycha pura chayarimanta

rikukpika, wawakunata charina,

mama tukunaka warmikunapak

ñawpamanta kawsay, yachay shina

tukushpa katishka. Warmikunamanta

llankakkunaka kaykunatami kanlla-

man llukshichishkakuna, chay

yuyaykunata mañayta churashkaku-

na mana allichu nishpa, chay shinami

karikunaka llakichishpa, manchachi-

shpa warmikunapak aychaka payku-

napak kashkata rurashkakuna, sapi-

yachishkakunami warmikunapak

aychaka ushaypak hillaykuna, shina-

llatak ushaypak tantachik kashka

shinata rurashpa. (2016:27)

Aycha pura chayarinaka; Pacha Kamak

munashka, alli apunchikta katikpak

yuyaypika kusantin warmintin kashpami

chayarinakuna, aycha pura chayari kaw-

saytaka punllanta katirashkami kan. Nishun-

lla; michikkuna paykunapak rimaypika

ninnkunami Apunchikpak killkachishka

shimi nishkata Hebreos 13:4 pi hapishpaka

kaytami nin “Tukuykuna sawaritaka kuyay-

chik, kusapaklla, warmipaklla kaychik,

aycha munay huchataka Pacha Kamakka

wanachinkami” Shinallatakmi michikkuna-

pish yuyachinkuna “Pacha Kamakka aycha

pura chayritaka sawarishka kawsaypi pakta-

chichik” ama tiyachun mana munashka

chichu sakirina, shitashka wawakuna ama

tiyachun, aycha pura chayarinakushkmanta

unkuykuna ama tiyachun, kuytza mamakuna

ama tiyachun, shulluykuna illachun. Pacha

Kamak munanmi; shitashka warmikuna,

wawakuna ama tiyachun. Shinashpaka kari-

kuna warmikunata rikurashka, wanachi-

shkaka alli nishkami sakirin. “Wanachinalla-

takmi kashkani, rikuranami kani, kanllatak

yachankimi mana allichu shuwana, wañu-

china, manapish sawarishka kashpa wawata

charina, manarak sawarishpa aycha pura

chayarina” (Morey 2008).

Tawka parlachishkakunami ninkuna; aycha

munayta harkarinaka warmikunapakmi

nishpa, ninkunami: Kanllatak kikimpak

aychaman chayarikta sakikpimi karikuna

chayarin, kanmi huchayuk kanki aychapi

chayachishkamanta, kazuchinami karkanki

warmi shinaka, kaytaka apunchikman tanta-

rishka wasikunamantaka mayhankunapish

rimanllami, paktanmi kichwa runakunapi

shinallak mishukunapipish.

Achka kutinmi karikunapak llakichiku-

naka warmikunamanta ari nishka

kan, paykunallatak allipi sakirishun

nishpa, chaymantami warmikunaka

shuklla apunchikta katik runata

munana, yuyana shinapish sawari-

shka kashpalla, shinami riksishka

kashun ninkuna “Pacha Kamakpak

llankakkuna shina” kikin tantarishka

apunchikta katina wasi ukupi. Shina-

mi yanapankuna warmikunaka llapi-

shka, llakichishka kawsaypi kanata,

imashinami nin Pierre Bourdieu.

(2015:42)

Aycha munayta harkarinapak katirayku-

naka shamunmi Apunchikpak shimi

killkachishkamanta, shinallatak

michikkkunamanta. Hatun pushayta

mana kashpaka rikurayta churashka

shinami aycha kawsaypak. Michi-

kkuna, Pacha Kamakpak shimita

willakkunaka “yachachinkunami

Pacha Kamak tukuy ñukanchikpak

hawapi kashkata, chaymanta mana

huchallipakchu” (Federici 2016).

Apunchikpak wasiman tantarishka protes-

tantekunapish tzikninkunami, wanachinku-

nami mana “karipish warmipish chay tanta-

rishka ukumanta kakpika”, chayka nisha

ninmi mana chay apunchikta iñina ukuman-

tallatak sawarikkuna kakpi. Shuk protestan-

tewan, shuk católicawan sawarikpika achka-

tami tapurinkuna, apunchikta katikwan,

mana apunchikta katikwan sawarishkakuna

nishpa, protestantekunaka yuyankunami

mana krik warmika allichirina kashkata,

chayka mayta “mana harkaypakmi” kan

ninkunami. Chimborazo markapak runa

warmikunapika, karikunami yuyarinkuna

paypak warmipak kawsaymantaka, yuyarin-

mi maypi kawsanata, mayhan ayllukunawan

kawsanata, warmika chayta paktachinallata-

mi charin mana imata ashtawan nishpalla,

chaytaka apunchikpak shimi killkachishka-

llapitakmi nikun ninmi 1 Corintios 11:8

“karika mana warmimanta shamunchu,

ashtawanakrin warmimi karimanta shamun”

chaytaka wakin michikkuna chaytakmi kana

kan nishkmanta, karikuna llapishka, warmi-

kunaka katishpa kawsakkunalla kachun.

Pacha Kamakpak killkachishkataka mana

pipash imata ninchu, ashtawankarin warmi-

kunami allilla parlanakunkuna.

Kayta paktachik warmikunaka; “Apunchikta

alli katik warmi”, “alli llaktayuk”, “alli

warmi”, nishkami kan, Matthew Gutmann

(1997), nishka shinaka Warmikunapak alli

kankami; alli warmi kana u mana kashpaka

warmi shina alli kana, chaytami chikanya-

china, kayta rikukpika warmi shina tukuypi

alli kanami alli kan, mana warmi kana ña

wacharishkamantalla.

Apunchikpak wasimanta kanllaman sawari-

shka, sawarina warmi churarina illaklla

sawarinaka; ayllukunapak shinallatak sawa-

rikkunapak pinkaymi kan, chayka rikuchin-

mi aycha pura chayarinakuyka shuk pinkay

kashkata imashinami nin warmikunata

mitzak Silvia Federici (2016), ashtawampish

wakin hatunyachishkakunapak chikanyachi,

apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkapi mana

wankuri tukuy. Shuktak llakichikunaka,

pinkaypi sakirishka sawarikkunaka apunchi-

kpak wasiman mana yaykuy tukunkakuna-

chu tawka killakunata, chaytaka sapan apun-

chikpak wasiman tantarishkakunapi pakta-

chinkuna. Mayhan wanachi kachumpish,

chay ishki tukushkakunata tukuyman riku-

chi, tukuyman willaymi kan, shinami tuku-

ykuna riparashka, kayta chayta nishka,

wakinkuna huchachishka, wakinkuna llaki-

rishpa rikunkuna wakin michikkuna, pusha-

kkuna chaypi tantarishka chusku, pichka

runakuna wanachishkamantaka, chaykunaka

mana paypak kawsayta kawsak nishkakuna,

ashtawanka karikunallami chay tantari-

shkakunaka kankuna,

Protestante tantarishkunapika warmikuna-

pak kawsayta rikunkapakka kusakunami

karka, paypaka yayamamapish shinapish

ashtawan yallika michikkunatami kazuna

karka, paykunami tukuytapish yalli apukuna

kashkamanta shinallatak paykuna chay

llaktata michik kashkamanta shinallatak

paykunaka apunchik kachashkamanta.

Chashna rikukpika, paykunaka tukuytami

harkanata munashka, punllanta kawsayta

ayllullaktapi imashina kawsanta rikushpapi-

sh, sawarishkapi imashinatak kawsan chays-

hinallatak aychapura chayarinakuykuna-

mantapish (Federici 2016).

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Alli tukushka warmikunaka alli nishkami

kashkakuna “mushuk” Apunchikman tanta-

rishka wasikunapi, aychapi shinallatak kaw-

saypi warmikunaka alli kuyashkakuna,

kazushkakuna católico tantarishkakunawan

rikukpika may sumakmi kashkakuna krik

tukuk warmikunaka, apunchikta yuyarina

wasimanpish kayakkunami kashka. Chayka

mana nisha ninchu warmikunaka kachari-

shpa sakishkami tukushka nishpaka,

ashtawampish ashtawan rikurashkakunami

kashkakuna aycha munaypi, mana sawari-

shka kashpa, sawarishkamanta kanllamanka

aycha pura mana chayarinapi, chaytaka

warmikunapak ñutkupimi allitak churakku-

na, chayta mana paktachikpika sawarina

warmitaka apunchikpak wasi kanlla pampa-

llapimi sawarichikkuna, chayka achka

pinkaymi ayllukunapak shinallatak apunchi-

kpak wasiman tantarishkakunapakpish,

chaykunata riparanakushpami alliklla parla-

nakukkuna, asikkuna, mana rikuyta chan-

zakkuna, llakirik tukukkuna.

Apunchikpak tantari wasikunaka mana

paykunallachu kashna llakichik kashka

ashtawanpish Willachik antakuna, yachana

wasikunapish chay llakikuna tiyachunka

yanapashka. Kay rikuymantaka ni tukunchi-

kmi Protestantekuna tantarishka apunchi-

kpak wasikunaka shuk wichkana wasi shina-

mi tukushka, shinapish mana wichkashpa

charinkapak, ashtawankarin aychatapish

samaytapish rikurakkuna kashkamanta,

“pimi” chay tantarishka ukupi rikushpa

katirankapak. Rikuraykuna shinallatak

katiraykunaka mana samarikchu. Maypipish

muyushpa rikurakkunami. (Foucault 2009).

Shina kashpaka protestante tantarishkaku-

naka mana hapishkakunachu católicokuna-

pak kawsayllata, ashtawankarin mirachi-

shkakunami warmikunata ashtawan llaki-

chinkapak chayshina karikunapak yuyayku-

nallatak sinchiyachishpa.

Aycha pura chayarinakuy ama tiyachunka

rikuraykuna, katiraykunaka tiyanmi protes-

tantekunapak kawsaypika, chaypakmi tanta-

rishkakunaka achkata llankashkakuna, kay

apunchikpak katika sapiyachishka kachun,

chaymanta rikunkapak sawarita shinallatak

aycha pura chayarinakuy hawapish,

ashtawanakrin karikuna warmikuna,

musukuna kuytzakuna ama maypish kachun

warmiwan kariwan kawsaykunapi

kachunkuna (Fedrici 2016). Chay yuyayku-

naka michikkunapakka shamunmi apunchik

killkachishkakunamanta, “Pacha kamakpak

munayka sumakyachishka kachun, karuya-

chun huchakunamanta, aycha munaymanta”

nishpa (1 Tesalonecenses 4, 3).

Chay rikuymantaka, kichwakunapak apun-

chikman tantarinakushkamanta yuyayku-

naka, katiranmi, harkanmi, mitzanmi

chikanyachinmi (Foucault 2007), shinami

kipa wiñayka, warmika, mamaka, protestan-

te runa warmika, warmi shinaka kawsanata

hapin, alli nishka kanata paypak yuyaypi

tarpun (Bourdieu 2015), Pacha Kamak

killkachishka kamukpi nishkamantaka,

ayllukunapishmi mirachinkuna.

Shina, warmipak yuyayka ukuyashpa katin

punllanta yachachishkakunata chaskishpa

tukuy samaypi, yuyaypi, shinami yuyarin

paktachin punllanta, machaymanta shinami

pacha kamakman mañan, tiyarin, mancha-

chishka shinallatak takin (Bourdieu 2013).

Shuk rimaykunapika warmikunapak

yuyayka shukllayashkami tantarishka kaw-

saypika, chaymantami chashna manchay

kawsaytaka paypak umapi shinallatak

aychapi, shinaka tukuytakmi llakichikkuna-

pak yuyayka aychayashpa sakirin, llakita

apashpa kawsankapak (Negri shinallatak

Hardt 2002).

Católicokunapish, protestantekunapish

aycha munayta ari ninkunami sawarishka

kashpalla, Foucault nishkata hapishpaka

kayta nin:

…kallaripika apunchikta katikkunami

churashkakuna ñawpa tantarishkakuna-

man shuk paktachinata, shuklla warmi-

wanmi kawsana nishpa; kipataka

pachakamakllatakmi chashna mirashpa

kawsachunka churashka, mana chayllata

paktachichun nishpapish ashawan

kachashka yuyaymi kashka, kariwan

warmiwan aychapura chayarinaka

kankami mirankapaklla, wawata

charinkapaklla nishka. Tukuripika,

aychapura chayarinakushpaka mana

kankachu aychay munaymantallaka

nishkami… (2007:18)

Kay yuyaykunata paktachinaka katinllami

kichwakunapak apunchikman tantarina wasi

yuyaykunapi, apunchikpak killkachishkaku-

napimi tantarinkuna, aycha pura chayari-

nakuytaka harkarinatakmi kan mana sawari-

shpa, shinallatak sawarishkamanta kanlla-

mampish, ishkantik aychapura chayarinaku-

yka huchami shinallatak shuktak llakikuna-

mi kan. Manapish sawarishkakuna aycha

pura chayarinakuyka aycha munay huchami,

kaytaka apunchikpak shimika wanachinmi,

protestantekunapak apukunaka llakichinmi

paykunaka paktachinapak ushayta charin-

chikmi minkay tukushka tantarikunata

pushak kashkamantaka nishpa, shina wana-

chikunataka mana karikunatachu rurankuna,

wakinlla paktachishpapish mana sinchita

wanachinkunachu.

Shinami, warmikunapak aychaka paykuna-

tak llakichishka kankapak allichirishka

shina kan, imashinami Silvi Federici nishka

shina:

Kay shinami, aycha pura chayarimanta

rikukpika, wawakunata charina,

mama tukunaka warmikunapak

ñawpamanta kawsay, yachay shina

tukushpa katishka. Warmikunamanta

llankakkunaka kaykunatami kanlla-

man llukshichishkakuna, chay

yuyaykunata mañayta churashkaku-

na mana allichu nishpa, chay shinami

karikunaka llakichishpa, manchachi-

shpa warmikunapak aychaka payku-

napak kashkata rurashkakuna, sapi-

yachishkakunami warmikunapak

aychaka ushaypak hillaykuna, shina-

llatak ushaypak tantachik kashka

shinata rurashpa. (2016:27)

Aycha pura chayarinaka; Pacha Kamak

munashka, alli apunchikta katikpak

yuyaypika kusantin warmintin kashpami

chayarinakuna, aycha pura chayari kaw-

saytaka punllanta katirashkami kan. Nishun-

lla; michikkuna paykunapak rimaypika

ninnkunami Apunchikpak killkachishka

shimi nishkata Hebreos 13:4 pi hapishpaka

kaytami nin “Tukuykuna sawaritaka kuyay-

chik, kusapaklla, warmipaklla kaychik,

aycha munay huchataka Pacha Kamakka

wanachinkami” Shinallatakmi michikkuna-

pish yuyachinkuna “Pacha Kamakka aycha

pura chayritaka sawarishka kawsaypi pakta-

chichik” ama tiyachun mana munashka

chichu sakirina, shitashka wawakuna ama

tiyachun, aycha pura chayarinakushkmanta

unkuykuna ama tiyachun, kuytza mamakuna

ama tiyachun, shulluykuna illachun. Pacha

Kamak munanmi; shitashka warmikuna,

wawakuna ama tiyachun. Shinashpaka kari-

kuna warmikunata rikurashka, wanachi-

shkaka alli nishkami sakirin. “Wanachinalla-

takmi kashkani, rikuranami kani, kanllatak

yachankimi mana allichu shuwana, wañu-

china, manapish sawarishka kashpa wawata

charina, manarak sawarishpa aycha pura

chayarina” (Morey 2008).

Tawka parlachishkakunami ninkuna; aycha

munayta harkarinaka warmikunapakmi

nishpa, ninkunami: Kanllatak kikimpak

aychaman chayarikta sakikpimi karikuna

chayarin, kanmi huchayuk kanki aychapi

chayachishkamanta, kazuchinami karkanki

warmi shinaka, kaytaka apunchikman tanta-

rishka wasikunamantaka mayhankunapish

rimanllami, paktanmi kichwa runakunapi

shinallak mishukunapipish.

Achka kutinmi karikunapak llakichiku-

naka warmikunamanta ari nishka

kan, paykunallatak allipi sakirishun

nishpa, chaymantami warmikunaka

shuklla apunchikta katik runata

munana, yuyana shinapish sawari-

shka kashpalla, shinami riksishka

kashun ninkuna “Pacha Kamakpak

llankakkuna shina” kikin tantarishka

apunchikta katina wasi ukupi. Shina-

mi yanapankuna warmikunaka llapi-

shka, llakichishka kawsaypi kanata,

imashinami nin Pierre Bourdieu.

(2015:42)

Aycha munayta harkarinapak katirayku-

naka shamunmi Apunchikpak shimi

killkachishkamanta, shinallatak

michikkkunamanta. Hatun pushayta

mana kashpaka rikurayta churashka

shinami aycha kawsaypak. Michi-

kkuna, Pacha Kamakpak shimita

willakkunaka “yachachinkunami

Pacha Kamak tukuy ñukanchikpak

hawapi kashkata, chaymanta mana

huchallipakchu” (Federici 2016).

Apunchikpak wasiman tantarishka protes-

tantekunapish tzikninkunami, wanachinku-

nami mana “karipish warmipish chay tanta-

rishka ukumanta kakpika”, chayka nisha

ninmi mana chay apunchikta iñina ukuman-

tallatak sawarikkuna kakpi. Shuk protestan-

tewan, shuk católicawan sawarikpika achka-

tami tapurinkuna, apunchikta katikwan,

mana apunchikta katikwan sawarishkakuna

nishpa, protestantekunaka yuyankunami

mana krik warmika allichirina kashkata,

chayka mayta “mana harkaypakmi” kan

ninkunami. Chimborazo markapak runa

warmikunapika, karikunami yuyarinkuna

paypak warmipak kawsaymantaka, yuyarin-

mi maypi kawsanata, mayhan ayllukunawan

kawsanata, warmika chayta paktachinallata-

mi charin mana imata ashtawan nishpalla,

chaytaka apunchikpak shimi killkachishka-

llapitakmi nikun ninmi 1 Corintios 11:8

“karika mana warmimanta shamunchu,

ashtawanakrin warmimi karimanta shamun”

chaytaka wakin michikkuna chaytakmi kana

kan nishkmanta, karikuna llapishka, warmi-

kunaka katishpa kawsakkunalla kachun.

Pacha Kamakpak killkachishkataka mana

pipash imata ninchu, ashtawankarin warmi-

kunami allilla parlanakunkuna.

Kayta paktachik warmikunaka; “Apunchikta

alli katik warmi”, “alli llaktayuk”, “alli

warmi”, nishkami kan, Matthew Gutmann

(1997), nishka shinaka Warmikunapak alli

kankami; alli warmi kana u mana kashpaka

warmi shina alli kana, chaytami chikanya-

china, kayta rikukpika warmi shina tukuypi

alli kanami alli kan, mana warmi kana ña

wacharishkamantalla.

Apunchikpak wasimanta kanllaman sawari-

shka, sawarina warmi churarina illaklla

sawarinaka; ayllukunapak shinallatak sawa-

rikkunapak pinkaymi kan, chayka rikuchin-

mi aycha pura chayarinakuyka shuk pinkay

kashkata imashinami nin warmikunata

mitzak Silvia Federici (2016), ashtawampish

wakin hatunyachishkakunapak chikanyachi,

apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkapi mana

wankuri tukuy. Shuktak llakichikunaka,

pinkaypi sakirishka sawarikkunaka apunchi-

kpak wasiman mana yaykuy tukunkakuna-

chu tawka killakunata, chaytaka sapan apun-

chikpak wasiman tantarishkakunapi pakta-

chinkuna. Mayhan wanachi kachumpish,

chay ishki tukushkakunata tukuyman riku-

chi, tukuyman willaymi kan, shinami tuku-

ykuna riparashka, kayta chayta nishka,

wakinkuna huchachishka, wakinkuna llaki-

rishpa rikunkuna wakin michikkuna, pusha-

kkuna chaypi tantarishka chusku, pichka

runakuna wanachishkamantaka, chaykunaka

mana paypak kawsayta kawsak nishkakuna,

ashtawanka karikunallami chay tantari-

shkakunaka kankuna,

Protestante tantarishkunapika warmikuna-

pak kawsayta rikunkapakka kusakunami

karka, paypaka yayamamapish shinapish

ashtawan yallika michikkunatami kazuna

Mana riksinchu mayllata kashka muhunku-

nata, kawsaykunata, kullkiyaykunata. Ash-

tawan chashna llakikuna katikllapika, mana

ushanchikchu kawsayman paktakushkata,

ñawpakman rinata, kasi kaytapish”.

Ecuador mama llaktapak pushakkunaka, kay

llakikunata shutichinkunami kashna shina,

sinchi kashkata rikuchikmi kan, yuyaypi,

kamikunapi, aycha munaypi, yuyaypi shina-

llatak paktachinakunata mana paktachishpa-

pish, tawka kutin ayllu uku shuk runapi,

shuktak runapi, paypak aychapi, yuyaypi

ishkantinpi llakichishpa, mana chukrichi-

shpapish, llakillatakmi kan.

Kay rimashkakuna, rikuchishkakunata

chimpapurashpa rikukpika; Ecuador mama

llaktapak pushay ukumantaka achkatami

willaykunata rurashka, paktachichuntak

mañashpa sapan willachik antakunapi kay

rimaywan “Hatarichik Ecuador, karillami

ashtawan nishkapish llakimi kan” warmiku-

napak comisaria yaykunkunapi, warmikuna-

ta ayllukunata mitzak tantari ukukunapi kay

killkakunami tiyan “Karillami ashtawan

nina kawsay tukurinkakama mana shaykus-

hachu”, “Hatari Ecuador, karillami ashtawan

nishkaka llakimi, Chimborazopish tantarin-

mi”.

Kay ñukapak llankayta tukuchinkapakka;

mana karikunapak warmikunapak rikurik

mana rikurik llakikunata rimankapakchu

kan, ashtawankarin católicokunapak apun-

chikpak wasiman tantarishkakunapi, evan-

gelico apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkaku-

napi llakikunamantami, Michel Foucault

shinallatak Pierri Bourdieupak yuyakunata

rikuchishpa, mana pantachina, chimpapura-

na yuyaywan.

karka, paykunami tukuytapish yalli apukuna

kashkamanta shinallatak paykuna chay

llaktata michik kashkamanta shinallatak

paykunaka apunchik kachashkamanta.

Chashna rikukpika, paykunaka tukuytami

harkanata munashka, punllanta kawsayta

ayllullaktapi imashina kawsanta rikushpapi-

sh, sawarishkapi imashinatak kawsan chays-

hinallatak aychapura chayarinakuykuna-

mantapish (Federici 2016).

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Alli tukushka warmikunaka alli nishkami

kashkakuna “mushuk” Apunchikman tanta-

rishka wasikunapi, aychapi shinallatak kaw-

saypi warmikunaka alli kuyashkakuna,

kazushkakuna católico tantarishkakunawan

rikukpika may sumakmi kashkakuna krik

tukuk warmikunaka, apunchikta yuyarina

wasimanpish kayakkunami kashka. Chayka

mana nisha ninchu warmikunaka kachari-

shpa sakishkami tukushka nishpaka,

ashtawampish ashtawan rikurashkakunami

kashkakuna aycha munaypi, mana sawari-

shka kashpa, sawarishkamanta kanllamanka

aycha pura mana chayarinapi, chaytaka

warmikunapak ñutkupimi allitak churakku-

na, chayta mana paktachikpika sawarina

warmitaka apunchikpak wasi kanlla pampa-

llapimi sawarichikkuna, chayka achka

pinkaymi ayllukunapak shinallatak apunchi-

kpak wasiman tantarishkakunapakpish,

chaykunata riparanakushpami alliklla parla-

nakukkuna, asikkuna, mana rikuyta chan-

zakkuna, llakirik tukukkuna.

Apunchikpak tantari wasikunaka mana

paykunallachu kashna llakichik kashka

ashtawanpish Willachik antakuna, yachana

wasikunapish chay llakikuna tiyachunka

yanapashka. Kay rikuymantaka ni tukunchi-

kmi Protestantekuna tantarishka apunchi-

kpak wasikunaka shuk wichkana wasi shina-

mi tukushka, shinapish mana wichkashpa

charinkapak, ashtawankarin aychatapish

samaytapish rikurakkuna kashkamanta,

“pimi” chay tantarishka ukupi rikushpa

katirankapak. Rikuraykuna shinallatak

katiraykunaka mana samarikchu. Maypipish

muyushpa rikurakkunami. (Foucault 2009).

Shina kashpaka protestante tantarishkaku-

naka mana hapishkakunachu católicokuna-

pak kawsayllata, ashtawankarin mirachi-

shkakunami warmikunata ashtawan llaki-

chinkapak chayshina karikunapak yuyayku-

nallatak sinchiyachishpa.

Aycha pura chayarinakuy ama tiyachunka

rikuraykuna, katiraykunaka tiyanmi protes-

tantekunapak kawsaypika, chaypakmi tanta-

rishkakunaka achkata llankashkakuna, kay

apunchikpak katika sapiyachishka kachun,

chaymanta rikunkapak sawarita shinallatak

aycha pura chayarinakuy hawapish,

ashtawanakrin karikuna warmikuna,

musukuna kuytzakuna ama maypish kachun

warmiwan kariwan kawsaykunapi

kachunkuna (Fedrici 2016). Chay yuyayku-

naka michikkunapakka shamunmi apunchik

killkachishkakunamanta, “Pacha kamakpak

munayka sumakyachishka kachun, karuya-

chun huchakunamanta, aycha munaymanta”

nishpa (1 Tesalonecenses 4, 3).

Chay rikuymantaka, kichwakunapak apun-

chikman tantarinakushkamanta yuyayku-

naka, katiranmi, harkanmi, mitzanmi

chikanyachinmi (Foucault 2007), shinami

kipa wiñayka, warmika, mamaka, protestan-

te runa warmika, warmi shinaka kawsanata

hapin, alli nishka kanata paypak yuyaypi

tarpun (Bourdieu 2015), Pacha Kamak

killkachishka kamukpi nishkamantaka,

ayllukunapishmi mirachinkuna.

Shina, warmipak yuyayka ukuyashpa katin

punllanta yachachishkakunata chaskishpa

tukuy samaypi, yuyaypi, shinami yuyarin

paktachin punllanta, machaymanta shinami

pacha kamakman mañan, tiyarin, mancha-

chishka shinallatak takin (Bourdieu 2013).

Shuk rimaykunapika warmikunapak

yuyayka shukllayashkami tantarishka kaw-

saypika, chaymantami chashna manchay

kawsaytaka paypak umapi shinallatak

aychapi, shinaka tukuytakmi llakichikkuna-

pak yuyayka aychayashpa sakirin, llakita

apashpa kawsankapak (Negri shinallatak

Hardt 2002).

Católicokunapish, protestantekunapish

aycha munayta ari ninkunami sawarishka

kashpalla, Foucault nishkata hapishpaka

kayta nin:

…kallaripika apunchikta katikkunami

churashkakuna ñawpa tantarishkakuna-

man shuk paktachinata, shuklla warmi-

wanmi kawsana nishpa; kipataka

pachakamakllatakmi chashna mirashpa

kawsachunka churashka, mana chayllata

paktachichun nishpapish ashawan

kachashka yuyaymi kashka, kariwan

warmiwan aychapura chayarinaka

kankami mirankapaklla, wawata

charinkapaklla nishka. Tukuripika,

aychapura chayarinakushpaka mana

kankachu aychay munaymantallaka

nishkami… (2007:18)

Kay yuyaykunata paktachinaka katinllami

kichwakunapak apunchikman tantarina wasi

yuyaykunapi, apunchikpak killkachishkaku-

napimi tantarinkuna, aycha pura chayari-

nakuytaka harkarinatakmi kan mana sawari-

shpa, shinallatak sawarishkamanta kanlla-

mampish, ishkantik aychapura chayarinaku-

yka huchami shinallatak shuktak llakikuna-

mi kan. Manapish sawarishkakuna aycha

pura chayarinakuyka aycha munay huchami,

kaytaka apunchikpak shimika wanachinmi,

protestantekunapak apukunaka llakichinmi

paykunaka paktachinapak ushayta charin-

chikmi minkay tukushka tantarikunata

pushak kashkamantaka nishpa, shina wana-

chikunataka mana karikunatachu rurankuna,

wakinlla paktachishpapish mana sinchita

wanachinkunachu.

Shinami, warmikunapak aychaka paykuna-

tak llakichishka kankapak allichirishka

shina kan, imashinami Silvi Federici nishka

shina:

Kay shinami, aycha pura chayarimanta

rikukpika, wawakunata charina,

mama tukunaka warmikunapak

ñawpamanta kawsay, yachay shina

tukushpa katishka. Warmikunamanta

llankakkunaka kaykunatami kanlla-

man llukshichishkakuna, chay

yuyaykunata mañayta churashkaku-

na mana allichu nishpa, chay shinami

karikunaka llakichishpa, manchachi-

shpa warmikunapak aychaka payku-

napak kashkata rurashkakuna, sapi-

yachishkakunami warmikunapak

aychaka ushaypak hillaykuna, shina-

llatak ushaypak tantachik kashka

shinata rurashpa. (2016:27)

Aycha pura chayarinaka; Pacha Kamak

munashka, alli apunchikta katikpak

yuyaypika kusantin warmintin kashpami

chayarinakuna, aycha pura chayari kaw-

saytaka punllanta katirashkami kan. Nishun-

lla; michikkuna paykunapak rimaypika

ninnkunami Apunchikpak killkachishka

shimi nishkata Hebreos 13:4 pi hapishpaka

kaytami nin “Tukuykuna sawaritaka kuyay-

chik, kusapaklla, warmipaklla kaychik,

aycha munay huchataka Pacha Kamakka

wanachinkami” Shinallatakmi michikkuna-

pish yuyachinkuna “Pacha Kamakka aycha

pura chayritaka sawarishka kawsaypi pakta-

chichik” ama tiyachun mana munashka

chichu sakirina, shitashka wawakuna ama

tiyachun, aycha pura chayarinakushkmanta

unkuykuna ama tiyachun, kuytza mamakuna

ama tiyachun, shulluykuna illachun. Pacha

Kamak munanmi; shitashka warmikuna,

wawakuna ama tiyachun. Shinashpaka kari-

kuna warmikunata rikurashka, wanachi-

shkaka alli nishkami sakirin. “Wanachinalla-

takmi kashkani, rikuranami kani, kanllatak

yachankimi mana allichu shuwana, wañu-

china, manapish sawarishka kashpa wawata

charina, manarak sawarishpa aycha pura

chayarina” (Morey 2008).

Tawka parlachishkakunami ninkuna; aycha

munayta harkarinaka warmikunapakmi

nishpa, ninkunami: Kanllatak kikimpak

aychaman chayarikta sakikpimi karikuna

chayarin, kanmi huchayuk kanki aychapi

chayachishkamanta, kazuchinami karkanki

warmi shinaka, kaytaka apunchikman tanta-

rishka wasikunamantaka mayhankunapish

rimanllami, paktanmi kichwa runakunapi

shinallak mishukunapipish.

Achka kutinmi karikunapak llakichiku-

naka warmikunamanta ari nishka

kan, paykunallatak allipi sakirishun

nishpa, chaymantami warmikunaka

shuklla apunchikta katik runata

munana, yuyana shinapish sawari-

shka kashpalla, shinami riksishka

kashun ninkuna “Pacha Kamakpak

llankakkuna shina” kikin tantarishka

apunchikta katina wasi ukupi. Shina-

mi yanapankuna warmikunaka llapi-

shka, llakichishka kawsaypi kanata,

imashinami nin Pierre Bourdieu.

(2015:42)

Aycha munayta harkarinapak katirayku-

naka shamunmi Apunchikpak shimi

killkachishkamanta, shinallatak

michikkkunamanta. Hatun pushayta

mana kashpaka rikurayta churashka

shinami aycha kawsaypak. Michi-

kkuna, Pacha Kamakpak shimita

willakkunaka “yachachinkunami

Pacha Kamak tukuy ñukanchikpak

hawapi kashkata, chaymanta mana

huchallipakchu” (Federici 2016).

Apunchikpak wasiman tantarishka protes-

tantekunapish tzikninkunami, wanachinku-

nami mana “karipish warmipish chay tanta-

rishka ukumanta kakpika”, chayka nisha

ninmi mana chay apunchikta iñina ukuman-

tallatak sawarikkuna kakpi. Shuk protestan-

tewan, shuk católicawan sawarikpika achka-

tami tapurinkuna, apunchikta katikwan,

mana apunchikta katikwan sawarishkakuna

nishpa, protestantekunaka yuyankunami

mana krik warmika allichirina kashkata,

chayka mayta “mana harkaypakmi” kan

ninkunami. Chimborazo markapak runa

warmikunapika, karikunami yuyarinkuna

paypak warmipak kawsaymantaka, yuyarin-

mi maypi kawsanata, mayhan ayllukunawan

kawsanata, warmika chayta paktachinallata-

mi charin mana imata ashtawan nishpalla,

chaytaka apunchikpak shimi killkachishka-

llapitakmi nikun ninmi 1 Corintios 11:8

“karika mana warmimanta shamunchu,

ashtawanakrin warmimi karimanta shamun”

chaytaka wakin michikkuna chaytakmi kana

kan nishkmanta, karikuna llapishka, warmi-

kunaka katishpa kawsakkunalla kachun.

Pacha Kamakpak killkachishkataka mana

pipash imata ninchu, ashtawankarin warmi-

kunami allilla parlanakunkuna.

Kayta paktachik warmikunaka; “Apunchikta

alli katik warmi”, “alli llaktayuk”, “alli

warmi”, nishkami kan, Matthew Gutmann

(1997), nishka shinaka Warmikunapak alli

kankami; alli warmi kana u mana kashpaka

warmi shina alli kana, chaytami chikanya-

china, kayta rikukpika warmi shina tukuypi

alli kanami alli kan, mana warmi kana ña

wacharishkamantalla.

Apunchikpak wasimanta kanllaman sawari-

shka, sawarina warmi churarina illaklla

sawarinaka; ayllukunapak shinallatak sawa-

rikkunapak pinkaymi kan, chayka rikuchin-

mi aycha pura chayarinakuyka shuk pinkay

kashkata imashinami nin warmikunata

mitzak Silvia Federici (2016), ashtawampish

wakin hatunyachishkakunapak chikanyachi,

apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkapi mana

wankuri tukuy. Shuktak llakichikunaka,

pinkaypi sakirishka sawarikkunaka apunchi-

kpak wasiman mana yaykuy tukunkakuna-

chu tawka killakunata, chaytaka sapan apun-

chikpak wasiman tantarishkakunapi pakta-

chinkuna. Mayhan wanachi kachumpish,

chay ishki tukushkakunata tukuyman riku-

chi, tukuyman willaymi kan, shinami tuku-

ykuna riparashka, kayta chayta nishka,

wakinkuna huchachishka, wakinkuna llaki-

rishpa rikunkuna wakin michikkuna, pusha-

kkuna chaypi tantarishka chusku, pichka

runakuna wanachishkamantaka, chaykunaka

mana paypak kawsayta kawsak nishkakuna,

ashtawanka karikunallami chay tantari-

shkakunaka kankuna,

Protestante tantarishkunapika warmikuna-

pak kawsayta rikunkapakka kusakunami

karka, paypaka yayamamapish shinapish

ashtawan yallika michikkunatami kazuna

Tuparkanimi evangelicos tantarishka apun-

chikpak wasikunapi alli kashka shina

warmikunata alli charinamanta michik

“rimakushka” hawapish, apunchikta

katikkuna shina paktachina kashka hawapi-

sh “warmikunata rikuyta llakichi” rimakus-

hkatapish, chashnaka pakalla llakichikuna-

pish katinllami. Charinllakunami makashpa

llakichikunata shinallatak rimashpa llakichi-

kunatapish.

Karikuna kashna llakichikunaka, yallishka,

arininakushka, paktachilla nishka shinalla-

tak yaykurishkapish katinllami samaypak

yaykuna nishkakuna, pacha kamakpak shimi

willakkuna paykunapak pushakkuna apun-

chikpak wasikunapi pakashka, kikin wasi

ukullapitak pakashka, chaykunaka Apunchi-

kpak Killkachishka shimi nishkapi paktachi-

shpa kay shimikunata nishpa: Pacha Kamak

tantachiskataka pi runapish mana chikanya-

chichun nishpa, Pacha kamakman mañashpa

kusantin warmintin kuyanakunami nishpa

rimashkkakunata uyachishpa, llaki tukus-

hkakunapak uma hawapi Pacha Kamakpak

shimi killkashkata churashpa, tuta kachu,

punlla kachumpish uni pachakunata rimas-

hpa, wakachishpa, paykuna nanarichun

nishpa. Kay alli tukukunakuypika mana

warmikunaka rimankunachu, ashtawankarin

APUNCHIKPAK TANTARINA

WASIKUNAPI PAKALLA LLA-

KIKUNAMANTA

karikunallami paktachinkuna michikkuna,

apukuna kashkamanta.

Chay alli tukuy paktachikunapika karikuna-

mi ari ninkuna ña mana ashtawan warmiku-

nata makashunchu nishpa, warmikunaka

kari nishkakunata kazushunmi nishpa, taks-

hanata, churanakunata allichinata, yanunata,

utka hatarinata, shukkunatapish paktachi-

shami nishpa. Alli tukunakuyka harkay

tukunmi warmikunata makaykunata, shina-

pish kari mandashka kawsayka katinllami.

Kay yuyaypika runakuna protestante tukus-

hkakunaka tantachishpa shinallatak rikura-

yashpa katinllami. Kallaripika ayllukunata

tantachishpa, apunchikpak wasiman tantari-

shkunata tantachishpa imalla paktachina

kashkakunata paktachichishpa warmikunata

kazuchishpa kawsankapak imalla paktachi-

nakunapi, shinallatak yuyarishkakunata

paktachichun nishpa, imallata apunchikpak

wasipi rurana kashkata paktachishpa

katichun nishpa (Durkheim 1982). Pichka

chunka watakuna washaka, Durkheim,

Michel Foucault (1975) yuyachinmi apun-

chikpak wasi tantarishkaka ushaypak hillay

shinaka hawamanta churashpa katinmi

paktachinakunata, wakinkunaka achkata

allichishka hillaykunata hurashpa, mana

rikuypak ruraykunata rurashpa, shuklla

shinata rurashpami Apunchikpak wasiman

tantarishkakunataka awkakunata yachacha-

china wasipi shina, yachana wasipi, mana

kashpaka imakunata rurana wasipi shina

shuk yuyayllata rurashpa katinkuna, kunan

punlla wichkana wasikunapi shina.

Rikunchikmi imashina kuchullapi kashkata,

punllanta “michik rikurakushkata paypak

wiwikakunata shina” (Foucault 2010). Kay

yuyaypika: “Michikka runakunata imatapish

ni tukunllami pay yuyashka shina pakta-

chun, mana paktachinakuna, kamachikkuna

tiyakpipish, paypak munayllamanta, wakin

yachayta, yuyayta mana paktachin nishpalla.

Apunchikta katikkunapika, munayta pakta-

na kanmi; “kazuk kana” (Foucault 2007).

Shuktak rikuypika; católico tantarishka

ukumanta apunchikpak shimita willakka

michik, kushipata shina mana pakta

apukayta charinchu, wakinllapimi chay

shina ushaytaka charin. Católico tantarishka

ukumanta apunchikpak shimita willakka

killanta rurashka tantanakuykunapi, kushi-

pata umayashkapika mana rimankunachu

kari warmikunapak pakta kawsaymantaka.

Runa warmikunapak, católico warmikuna-

pak, tukuylla warmikunapak llakikunaman-

taka mana uyarinchu kushipatakuna católico

tantarishka ukumanta apunchikpak shimita

willakka tantarikunapika.

Wakin paktachikunapi, catolicokuna, shina-

llatak protestantekunapish mirachishkaku-

napishmi ayllukuna ukupi, tantarishka kaw-

saypipash ayllullaktapi. Wasi kawsaykunapi

shuktaykunata mirachishkakunami, kuya-

nakushpa kawsayta wiñachishkakuna.

Shinapish, apunchikpak wasiman tantari-

shkapika warmikunata llakichimanta rima-

ykunaka mana tiyanchu, tushuykunapi, ima

rikuchikunapi, krikkunapak apunchik wasi

tantarishkapi shinallatak, shinapish kay

puchukaypika llakikuna mana rikurik shina-

mi, mana sapimanta chinkachinkapak

ashtawanakrin yuyarinkapak rimay kachun,

católicokunata krikkunata rurankapak,

mushuk kawsayta apamukuk shina, warmi-

kunapak llakikuna illak católico iglesiapak

chimpapurapi. Kay yuyachimanta pachaka,

ni tukunchikmi krikkunapak hatun tanta-

nakuykunapak chawpi iñuka mana warmi-

kunapak llakikunata chinkachinkapakchu

kan, ashtawankarin shuktakyachinkapak

yuyayllami.

Kofi Annan, Naciones Unidas pak ñawpa

killka kamayuk nishka shinaka, “Llakiku-

naka yallitak llakichikmi kan tukuy kay

pachapi kawsakkunapak hayñikunata,

chayshina tukuykunapak kawsaypimi kan.

Mana riksinchu mayllata kashka muhunku-

nata, kawsaykunata, kullkiyaykunata. Ash-

tawan chashna llakikuna katikllapika, mana

ushanchikchu kawsayman paktakushkata,

ñawpakman rinata, kasi kaytapish”.

Ecuador mama llaktapak pushakkunaka, kay

llakikunata shutichinkunami kashna shina,

sinchi kashkata rikuchikmi kan, yuyaypi,

kamikunapi, aycha munaypi, yuyaypi shina-

llatak paktachinakunata mana paktachishpa-

pish, tawka kutin ayllu uku shuk runapi,

shuktak runapi, paypak aychapi, yuyaypi

ishkantinpi llakichishpa, mana chukrichi-

shpapish, llakillatakmi kan.

Kay rimashkakuna, rikuchishkakunata

chimpapurashpa rikukpika; Ecuador mama

llaktapak pushay ukumantaka achkatami

willaykunata rurashka, paktachichuntak

mañashpa sapan willachik antakunapi kay

rimaywan “Hatarichik Ecuador, karillami

ashtawan nishkapish llakimi kan” warmiku-

napak comisaria yaykunkunapi, warmikuna-

ta ayllukunata mitzak tantari ukukunapi kay

killkakunami tiyan “Karillami ashtawan

nina kawsay tukurinkakama mana shaykus-

hachu”, “Hatari Ecuador, karillami ashtawan

nishkaka llakimi, Chimborazopish tantarin-

mi”.

Kay ñukapak llankayta tukuchinkapakka;

mana karikunapak warmikunapak rikurik

mana rikurik llakikunata rimankapakchu

kan, ashtawankarin católicokunapak apun-

chikpak wasiman tantarishkakunapi, evan-

gelico apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkaku-

napi llakikunamantami, Michel Foucault

shinallatak Pierri Bourdieupak yuyakunata

rikuchishpa, mana pantachina, chimpapura-

na yuyaywan.

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Tuparkanimi evangelicos tantarishka apun-

chikpak wasikunapi alli kashka shina

warmikunata alli charinamanta michik

“rimakushka” hawapish, apunchikta

katikkuna shina paktachina kashka hawapi-

sh “warmikunata rikuyta llakichi” rimakus-

hkatapish, chashnaka pakalla llakichikuna-

pish katinllami. Charinllakunami makashpa

llakichikunata shinallatak rimashpa llakichi-

kunatapish.

Karikuna kashna llakichikunaka, yallishka,

arininakushka, paktachilla nishka shinalla-

tak yaykurishkapish katinllami samaypak

yaykuna nishkakuna, pacha kamakpak shimi

willakkuna paykunapak pushakkuna apun-

chikpak wasikunapi pakashka, kikin wasi

ukullapitak pakashka, chaykunaka Apunchi-

kpak Killkachishka shimi nishkapi paktachi-

shpa kay shimikunata nishpa: Pacha Kamak

tantachiskataka pi runapish mana chikanya-

chichun nishpa, Pacha kamakman mañashpa

kusantin warmintin kuyanakunami nishpa

rimashkkakunata uyachishpa, llaki tukus-

hkakunapak uma hawapi Pacha Kamakpak

shimi killkashkata churashpa, tuta kachu,

punlla kachumpish uni pachakunata rimas-

hpa, wakachishpa, paykuna nanarichun

nishpa. Kay alli tukukunakuypika mana

warmikunaka rimankunachu, ashtawankarin

karikunallami paktachinkuna michikkuna,

apukuna kashkamanta.

Chay alli tukuy paktachikunapika karikuna-

mi ari ninkuna ña mana ashtawan warmiku-

nata makashunchu nishpa, warmikunaka

kari nishkakunata kazushunmi nishpa, taks-

hanata, churanakunata allichinata, yanunata,

utka hatarinata, shukkunatapish paktachi-

shami nishpa. Alli tukunakuyka harkay

tukunmi warmikunata makaykunata, shina-

pish kari mandashka kawsayka katinllami.

Kay yuyaypika runakuna protestante tukus-

hkakunaka tantachishpa shinallatak rikura-

yashpa katinllami. Kallaripika ayllukunata

tantachishpa, apunchikpak wasiman tantari-

shkunata tantachishpa imalla paktachina

kashkakunata paktachichishpa warmikunata

kazuchishpa kawsankapak imalla paktachi-

nakunapi, shinallatak yuyarishkakunata

paktachichun nishpa, imallata apunchikpak

wasipi rurana kashkata paktachishpa

katichun nishpa (Durkheim 1982). Pichka

chunka watakuna washaka, Durkheim,

Michel Foucault (1975) yuyachinmi apun-

chikpak wasi tantarishkaka ushaypak hillay

shinaka hawamanta churashpa katinmi

paktachinakunata, wakinkunaka achkata

allichishka hillaykunata hurashpa, mana

rikuypak ruraykunata rurashpa, shuklla

shinata rurashpami Apunchikpak wasiman

tantarishkakunataka awkakunata yachacha-

china wasipi shina, yachana wasipi, mana

kashpaka imakunata rurana wasipi shina

shuk yuyayllata rurashpa katinkuna, kunan

punlla wichkana wasikunapi shina.

Rikunchikmi imashina kuchullapi kashkata,

punllanta “michik rikurakushkata paypak

wiwikakunata shina” (Foucault 2010). Kay

yuyaypika: “Michikka runakunata imatapish

ni tukunllami pay yuyashka shina pakta-

chun, mana paktachinakuna, kamachikkuna

tiyakpipish, paypak munayllamanta, wakin

yachayta, yuyayta mana paktachin nishpalla.

Apunchikta katikkunapika, munayta pakta-

na kanmi; “kazuk kana” (Foucault 2007).

Shuktak rikuypika; católico tantarishka

ukumanta apunchikpak shimita willakka

michik, kushipata shina mana pakta

apukayta charinchu, wakinllapimi chay

shina ushaytaka charin. Católico tantarishka

ukumanta apunchikpak shimita willakka

killanta rurashka tantanakuykunapi, kushi-

pata umayashkapika mana rimankunachu

kari warmikunapak pakta kawsaymantaka.

Runa warmikunapak, católico warmikuna-

pak, tukuylla warmikunapak llakikunaman-

taka mana uyarinchu kushipatakuna católico

tantarishka ukumanta apunchikpak shimita

willakka tantarikunapika.

Wakin paktachikunapi, catolicokuna, shina-

llatak protestantekunapish mirachishkaku-

napishmi ayllukuna ukupi, tantarishka kaw-

saypipash ayllullaktapi. Wasi kawsaykunapi

shuktaykunata mirachishkakunami, kuya-

nakushpa kawsayta wiñachishkakuna.

Shinapish, apunchikpak wasiman tantari-

shkapika warmikunata llakichimanta rima-

ykunaka mana tiyanchu, tushuykunapi, ima

rikuchikunapi, krikkunapak apunchik wasi

tantarishkapi shinallatak, shinapish kay

puchukaypika llakikuna mana rikurik shina-

mi, mana sapimanta chinkachinkapak

ashtawanakrin yuyarinkapak rimay kachun,

católicokunata krikkunata rurankapak,

mushuk kawsayta apamukuk shina, warmi-

kunapak llakikuna illak católico iglesiapak

chimpapurapi. Kay yuyachimanta pachaka,

ni tukunchikmi krikkunapak hatun tanta-

nakuykunapak chawpi iñuka mana warmi-

kunapak llakikunata chinkachinkapakchu

kan, ashtawankarin shuktakyachinkapak

yuyayllami.

Kofi Annan, Naciones Unidas pak ñawpa

killka kamayuk nishka shinaka, “Llakiku-

naka yallitak llakichikmi kan tukuy kay

pachapi kawsakkunapak hayñikunata,

chayshina tukuykunapak kawsaypimi kan.

Mana riksinchu mayllata kashka muhunku-

nata, kawsaykunata, kullkiyaykunata. Ash-

tawan chashna llakikuna katikllapika, mana

ushanchikchu kawsayman paktakushkata,

ñawpakman rinata, kasi kaytapish”.

Ecuador mama llaktapak pushakkunaka, kay

llakikunata shutichinkunami kashna shina,

sinchi kashkata rikuchikmi kan, yuyaypi,

kamikunapi, aycha munaypi, yuyaypi shina-

llatak paktachinakunata mana paktachishpa-

pish, tawka kutin ayllu uku shuk runapi,

shuktak runapi, paypak aychapi, yuyaypi

ishkantinpi llakichishpa, mana chukrichi-

shpapish, llakillatakmi kan.

Kay rimashkakuna, rikuchishkakunata

chimpapurashpa rikukpika; Ecuador mama

llaktapak pushay ukumantaka achkatami

willaykunata rurashka, paktachichuntak

mañashpa sapan willachik antakunapi kay

rimaywan “Hatarichik Ecuador, karillami

ashtawan nishkapish llakimi kan” warmiku-

napak comisaria yaykunkunapi, warmikuna-

ta ayllukunata mitzak tantari ukukunapi kay

killkakunami tiyan “Karillami ashtawan

nina kawsay tukurinkakama mana shaykus-

hachu”, “Hatari Ecuador, karillami ashtawan

nishkaka llakimi, Chimborazopish tantarin-

mi”.

Kay ñukapak llankayta tukuchinkapakka;

mana karikunapak warmikunapak rikurik

mana rikurik llakikunata rimankapakchu

kan, ashtawankarin católicokunapak apun-

chikpak wasiman tantarishkakunapi, evan-

gelico apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkaku-

napi llakikunamantami, Michel Foucault

shinallatak Pierri Bourdieupak yuyakunata

rikuchishpa, mana pantachina, chimpapura-

na yuyaywan.

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

TUKURI YUYAYKUNA SHINA-

LLATAK PAKTACHICHUN

MAÑAYKUNATAPISH SAKINI

Católico kawsaykunapi shinallatak protes-

tante kawsaykunapipish tiyanmi, parla-

nakuy, tupanakuy, karuyanakuy, allipish

mana allipish. Ishkantik apunchikta katikku-

napak tantanakuy ukupi rikukpika chay

ishkantikpak llakikunaka tantarinkunami “ni

shuk kutin mana chikachun kan” (Hardt

shinallatak Negri 2002). Kay shina mirachi-

shka kanakuy pachapika, karikuna llakichi-

shka kawsayta charirakkuna yanapankunami

rantimanta, wakin pachakunapika sinchiya-

chinkuna, shukta pachakunaka washaya-

chinkuna, pantachinkuna, shuktakkunaka

pakankuna, chinkachinkuna. Apunchikta

iñina ukumanta rikukpika mashna waranka

shina rimaypimi rimakunkuna wasi uku

uchilla kawsaykunamanta pacha, uchilla

rikuymanta pachapish (Foucault 2010,

2009). Mushuk yuyaykunata shinaka yuya-

chinchikmi karikuna warmikuna kawsay

pura kawsayta paktanata, chikan chikan

muskuykunamanta tantalla, kay tukunmi

shuk ñan chayshina sumak kawsayta

paktankapak (Sumak Kawsay).

“Tukuykuna paktachishpa kawsaypak wiña-

chishka chawpirikunaka ashtawan allitakka

llakichinkapak llapinkapak shayachishka

karikuna warmikunapish chaypika llakita

apanmi” (Bourdieu 2015), rimak shina,

paktachishpapish runa catolicokuna shina-

llatak protestantekunapish. Ashtawanakrin

kaykunata charikkunaka wiñachishpa, mira-

chishpa katinmi apunchikta iñina ukukunapi

kari warmi chikanyanakuyta hatunyachik

shina rurashpa.

Runa protestantekunapak Apunchikpak

tantarina wasikunapika, warmikunata riku-

rankapak, wanachinkapak, allichinkapak

nishka, kari kana warmi kanami mirashpa

katin, chaypimi rikuripak mana rikuripak

wanachikunapish kan – Shinaka, rikuraymi

yallitak nanachik shina kan, tukuy imapi-

pash, nishunlla ñukanchik imashina kanchik

kari warmi kawsaypi, aycha munay harkari-

pi kanllaman, manarak sawarishpa, chaytaka

warmikunapak umapimi churashka kan,

mana chayta paktachishpaka wanachishkata

apana kan, chayka kanmi apunchikpak wasi

kanlla pampapi sawarichishka, chayka

pinkachinmi shuk runata, aylluta, shinalla-

tak apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkakuna-

tapish. Karikuna llakichikunataka pakanku-

nami católikunapak apunchik wasipi shina-

llatak protestantekunapak apunchik wasipi-

pash, apunchikpak shimi nishkata, runaku-

napak chanichikunata paktachishpa, chaypi-

ka rimankunami ishkantin kawsaymanta,

wakimpika manapish yachashpami chaytaka

paktachinkuna payllatak llapishka kaw-

sankapak, ari ninkuna hawamanta churas-

hkakunata paktachinkapak, shinallatak

kallarichinkunami tukuy kawsaypak

shukkuna yalli ushayta charishkata.

Paktachi tiyachun mañashpaka, musurishka-

mi rikurin “kari warmi pakta kawsayta”

sinchiyachinkapak rimaykunata mashkana,

apunchikta iñikkuna tantarishkakunapi kikin

kari warmikuna, kipa wiñaykuna, yuyakku-

na yuyaykunata chawpinakushpa, katiras-

hpa, rikurashpa, taripaykunata rurashpa,

shinallatak shuk paktachikunatapish pakta-

chishpa, “kari warmi kawsaykunapi pakta

kashpa”, ishkantik apunchikpak mañana

wasikunapi tantachishka kullkikunallawan-

tak kullki mañachikunata wiñachishpa

imapish.

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Católico kawsaykunapi shinallatak protes-

tante kawsaykunapipish tiyanmi, parla-

nakuy, tupanakuy, karuyanakuy, allipish

mana allipish. Ishkantik apunchikta katikku-

napak tantanakuy ukupi rikukpika chay

ishkantikpak llakikunaka tantarinkunami “ni

shuk kutin mana chikachun kan” (Hardt

shinallatak Negri 2002). Kay shina mirachi-

shka kanakuy pachapika, karikuna llakichi-

shka kawsayta charirakkuna yanapankunami

rantimanta, wakin pachakunapika sinchiya-

chinkuna, shukta pachakunaka washaya-

chinkuna, pantachinkuna, shuktakkunaka

pakankuna, chinkachinkuna. Apunchikta

iñina ukumanta rikukpika mashna waranka

shina rimaypimi rimakunkuna wasi uku

uchilla kawsaykunamanta pacha, uchilla

rikuymanta pachapish (Foucault 2010,

2009). Mushuk yuyaykunata shinaka yuya-

chinchikmi karikuna warmikuna kawsay

pura kawsayta paktanata, chikan chikan

muskuykunamanta tantalla, kay tukunmi

shuk ñan chayshina sumak kawsayta

paktankapak (Sumak Kawsay).

“Tukuykuna paktachishpa kawsaypak wiña-

chishka chawpirikunaka ashtawan allitakka

llakichinkapak llapinkapak shayachishka

karikuna warmikunapish chaypika llakita

apanmi” (Bourdieu 2015), rimak shina,

paktachishpapish runa catolicokuna shina-

llatak protestantekunapish. Ashtawanakrin

kaykunata charikkunaka wiñachishpa, mira-

chishpa katinmi apunchikta iñina ukukunapi

kari warmi chikanyanakuyta hatunyachik

shina rurashpa.

Runa protestantekunapak Apunchikpak

tantarina wasikunapika, warmikunata riku-

rankapak, wanachinkapak, allichinkapak

nishka, kari kana warmi kanami mirashpa

katin, chaypimi rikuripak mana rikuripak

wanachikunapish kan – Shinaka, rikuraymi

yallitak nanachik shina kan, tukuy imapi-

pash, nishunlla ñukanchik imashina kanchik

kari warmi kawsaypi, aycha munay harkari-

pi kanllaman, manarak sawarishpa, chaytaka

warmikunapak umapimi churashka kan,

mana chayta paktachishpaka wanachishkata

apana kan, chayka kanmi apunchikpak wasi

kanlla pampapi sawarichishka, chayka

pinkachinmi shuk runata, aylluta, shinalla-

tak apunchikpak wasiman tantarishkakuna-

tapish. Karikuna llakichikunataka pakanku-

nami católikunapak apunchik wasipi shina-

llatak protestantekunapak apunchik wasipi-

pash, apunchikpak shimi nishkata, runaku-

napak chanichikunata paktachishpa, chaypi-

ka rimankunami ishkantin kawsaymanta,

wakimpika manapish yachashpami chaytaka

paktachinkuna payllatak llapishka kaw-

sankapak, ari ninkuna hawamanta churas-

hkakunata paktachinkapak, shinallatak

kallarichinkunami tukuy kawsaypak

shukkuna yalli ushayta charishkata.

Paktachi tiyachun mañashpaka, musurishka-

mi rikurin “kari warmi pakta kawsayta”

sinchiyachinkapak rimaykunata mashkana,

apunchikta iñikkuna tantarishkakunapi kikin

kari warmikuna, kipa wiñaykuna, yuyakku-

na yuyaykunata chawpinakushpa, katiras-

hpa, rikurashpa, taripaykunata rurashpa,

shinallatak shuk paktachikunatapish pakta-

chishpa, “kari warmi kawsaykunapi pakta

kashpa”, ishkantik apunchikpak mañana

wasikunapi tantachishka kullkikunallawan-

tak kullki mañachikunata wiñachishpa

imapish.

Andrade, S. (2005). Despertar político de los indígenas

evangélicos en Ecuador. Iconos, (22), 49-60.

Bourdieu, P. (2015). La dominación masculina. Barcelona,

España: Anagrama.

Bourdieu, P. (2013). Capital cultural, esuela y espacio social.

México D.F., México: Siglo Veintiuno.

Bourdieu, P. (2007). Razones prácticas. Sobre la teoría de la

acción. Barcelona, España: Anagrama.

Connell, R. (1997). La Organización Social de la Masculini-

dad. En T. Valdés & J. Olavarría (coords.).

Masculinidad/es. Poder y crisis. Santiago, Chile: Andos

Ltda.

De Luque, S. (2002). El objeto de estudios en las ciencias

sociales. En E. Diaz (coord.). La posciencia. Buenos

Aires, Argentina: Biblos.

Durkheim, E. (1982). Formas elementales de la vida religio-

sa. Sistema totémico en Australia (y otros escritos sobre

religión y conocimiento). Madrid, España: Akal

Editor.

Federici, S. (2016). Calibán y la bruja. Mujeres, cuerpo y

acumulación originaria. Quito, Ecuador: Universi-

dad Andina Simón Bolívar.

Foucault, M. (2007). Sexualidad y poder. Barcelona,

España: Folio.

Foucault, M. (2009). Vigilar y castigar. México D.F.,

México: Siglo Veintiuno.

Foucault, M. (2010). Obras esenciales. México D.F.,

México: Paidós.

Gledhill, J. (2000). El poder y sus disfraces. Barcelona,

España: Ballaterra.

Gutmann, M. (1997). Traficando con hombres: la antropolo-

gía de la masculinidad. Revista de Antropología,

(26), 385-409.

Herrera, C. (2013). Castigos corporales y escuelas en la

Colombia de los siglos XIX y XX. Revista Iberoameri-

cana de Educación, (62), 69-87.

Martínez, C. (2009). La crisis del proyecto cultural del

movimiento indígena. Quito, Ecuador: Flacso.

Morey, M. (2008). Michel Foucault. Un dialogo sobre

poder y otras conversaciones. Madrid, España:

Alianza/Materiales.

Negri, A. & Hardt, M. (2002). Imperio. México D.F.,

México: Paidós.

Lechuga, G. (2007). Foucault. Ciudad de México,

México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

Rodríguez, G. (1999). La sabiduría del cóndor. Quito,

Ecuador: Abya tzoYala.

Tatzo, A. (1996). La visión cósmica de los Andes. Quito,

Ecuador: Abya Yala.

KAMUKKUNAPI KIMIRISHKA

REVISTA CHAKIÑAN, 2017, Nº.3, DICIEMBRE, (6-19)

ISSN 2550-6722

Andrade, S. (2005). Despertar político de los indígenas

evangélicos en Ecuador. Iconos, (22), 49-60.

Bourdieu, P. (2015). La dominación masculina. Barcelona,

España: Anagrama.

Bourdieu, P. (2013). Capital cultural, esuela y espacio social.

México D.F., México: Siglo Veintiuno.

Bourdieu, P. (2007). Razones prácticas. Sobre la teoría de la

acción. Barcelona, España: Anagrama.

Connell, R. (1997). La Organización Social de la Masculini-

dad. En T. Valdés & J. Olavarría (coords.).

Masculinidad/es. Poder y crisis. Santiago, Chile: Andos

Ltda.

De Luque, S. (2002). El objeto de estudios en las ciencias

sociales. En E. Diaz (coord.). La posciencia. Buenos

Aires, Argentina: Biblos.

Durkheim, E. (1982). Formas elementales de la vida religio-

sa. Sistema totémico en Australia (y otros escritos sobre

religión y conocimiento). Madrid, España: Akal

Editor.

Federici, S. (2016). Calibán y la bruja. Mujeres, cuerpo y

acumulación originaria. Quito, Ecuador: Universi-

dad Andina Simón Bolívar.

Foucault, M. (2007). Sexualidad y poder. Barcelona,

España: Folio.

Foucault, M. (2009). Vigilar y castigar. México D.F.,

México: Siglo Veintiuno.

Foucault, M. (2010). Obras esenciales. México D.F.,

México: Paidós.

Gledhill, J. (2000). El poder y sus disfraces. Barcelona,

España: Ballaterra.

Gutmann, M. (1997). Traficando con hombres: la antropolo-

gía de la masculinidad. Revista de Antropología,

(26), 385-409.

Herrera, C. (2013). Castigos corporales y escuelas en la

Colombia de los siglos XIX y XX. Revista Iberoameri-

cana de Educación, (62), 69-87.

Martínez, C. (2009). La crisis del proyecto cultural del

movimiento indígena. Quito, Ecuador: Flacso.

Morey, M. (2008). Michel Foucault. Un dialogo sobre

poder y otras conversaciones. Madrid, España:

Alianza/Materiales.

Negri, A. & Hardt, M. (2002). Imperio. México D.F.,

México: Paidós.

Lechuga, G. (2007). Foucault. Ciudad de México,

México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

Rodríguez, G. (1999). La sabiduría del cóndor. Quito,

Ecuador: Abya tzoYala.

Tatzo, A. (1996). La visión cósmica de los Andes. Quito,

Ecuador: Abya Yala.