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Recibido:
(30/08/2020)
Aceptado:
(06/11/2020)
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SHUYUTUMAYKUNATA TARIPASHKA
WIÑAY KAWSAY KALLARI RURAYTA
KAMAY INGAPIRKA RIKUNA WASIPI
ELEMENTOS GEOMÉTRICOS
IDENTIFICADOS EN EL COMPLEJO
ARQUEOLÓGICO DE INGAPIRCA
GEOMETRIC ELEMENTS IDENTIFIED IN
THE INGAPIRCA ARCHAEOLOGICAL
COMPLEX
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37135/chk.002.13.07
Artículo de Revisn
Roberto Salomón
Villamarín Guevara
rvillamarin@unach.edu.ec
Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo,
Riobamba, Ecuador
ORCID:
Universidad San Francisco de Quito,
Quito, Ecuador
ORCID:
Investigadora independiente, Madrid,
España
ORCID:
Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo,
estudiante de posgrado, Riobamba,
Ecuador
ORCID:
118
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SHUYUTUMAYKUNATA
TARIPASHKA WIÑAY
KAWSAY KALLARI
RURAYTA KAMAY
INGAPIRKA RIKUNA
WASIPI
ELEMENTOS
GEOMÉTRICOS
IDENTIFICADOS
EN EL COMPLEJO
ARQUEOLÓGICO DE
INGAPIRCA
GEOMETRIC
ELEMENTS IDENTIFIED
IN THE INGAPIRCA
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
COMPLEX
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Uchillayachishka Yuyay
Ingapirka wiñay kawsay kallaripi rurayta kamay wasi rikuchika, Ecuador
Mamallaktapakka kanmi maymutsurik. Chaymantami yachaykuna paktarishka
awkakunamanta, kamachikmanta, apunchikmanta shinallatak pachawallimanta
rikushpa. Kay llankayka nipa shututupukamaymanta kakrikuchishpa pakktana
yuyaytami charin, kay wiñay kawsay kallaripi rurayta kamay rikuymanta,
kaytaka chaypi chayashpa rikushkawan shinallatak kimirishka kamukunamanta
hapishpa. Chaymantami yuyayrikuchinchik cañari-inca kawsakkunaka riksishkami
shututupukamay nipakunata, shinami hatun wasikunata rurankapak hapishka,
ashtawankarin kaykunata: Tsikllakunata, rumpakunata, pallkakunata, suktuykunata,
chuskushkakunata, suni chusskushkakunata, kimsashkakunata, tutupukkunata;
kaykunataka taripanchikmi purina ñankunapi, wasi ukukunapi, aknakunata
rurana pampapi, wasihawaman wichiyana uriyanakunapi shinallatak yaku rina
larkakunapi. Mana tariparishkachu shuk katik tupuy; shinapash, rikushkawanmi
rikuchinchik yupaykamay yachayhamanta kay shututupukamay hawamanta,
chaymanta chimpapuraypakmi kan shuktak precolombinas kawsaykunawan.
Sapi shimikuna: Shuyutupukamay, Ingapirca, yupaykamay.
Resumen
Ingapirca es considerado uno de los complejos arqueológicos más importantes
del Ecuador, por esta razón ha sido objeto de análisis desde el punto de vista
militar, político, religioso, estratégico y astronómico. Este trabajo tiene como
objetivo describir los elementos geométricos presentes en los restos arqueológicos
del lugar, a partir de una observación directa del mismo y a través de la revisión
bibliográfica de estudios previos. Se ha podido determinar que, la cultura cañari-
inca conocía elementos geométricos que utilizaban en la construcción de sus
edificaciones, siendo los más frecuentes: rectas, círculos, triángulos, cuadrados,
rectángulos, trapezoides, óvalos, cubos, esferas, semiesferas, cilindros; los cuales
se pueden encontrar, por ejemplo, en los vestigios de caminos, habitaciones,
centros ceremoniales, escalinatas, canales de agua. No se ha encontrado evidencia
de un patrón de medida; sin embargo, con lo observado se demuestra que su
conocimiento matemático, en el aspecto geométrico, es comparable con el de otras
civilizaciones precolombinas
Palabras clave: Geometría, Ingapirca, matemática.
Abstract
Ingapirca is considered one of the most important archaeological sites in Ecuador;
thus, it has been the object of analysis from a military, political, religious, strategic,
and astronomical viewpoint. This work aims to describe the geometric elements
present in those archaeological remains, from a direct observation thereof and
through the bibliographic review of previous studies. It has been determined
that the Cañari-Inca culture employed geometric elements in their edifications.
The most frequent geometric elements were: lines, circles, triangles, squares,
rectangles, trapezoids, ovals, cubes, spheres, semi-spheres, cylinders, which can be
found, for example, in the vestiges of roads, rooms, ceremonial centers, stairways,
water channels. No evidence of a measurement pattern has been found; however,
with what has been observed, it is shown that their mathematical knowledge, in the
geometric aspect, is comparable with that of other pre-Columbian civilizations.
Keywords: Geometry, Ingapirca, mathematics.
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KALLARI YUYAY
Ingapirca wiñay kawsay kallaripi rurayta
kamay wasi, Almeida (2011) killkashkapika
nishkami, may sumakmi kay wiñay kawsay
kallaripi rurayta kamay wasika ñukanchik
Ecuador mamallaktapak, imamanta
kunan punchakunakama yallitak sumak
tiyakushkamanta. Paypak wiñaykawsayka
rikurishkami ñawpa incakuna allpakunata
mirachishpa shamushka pachakunamanta,
ashtawankarin cañariskunapak allpakunapi,
kay XVI pachaywatakunapi, kay taripaykunaka
rikurinmi XVIII pachaywatakunamanta;
kipapika shuk waranka iskun patask chunka
kanchis pusak (1978) watanmanta, shuk
waranka iskun patsak pusak chuna ishkay (1982)
watakama, chay watakunapimi rurarishka
pampata allaykuna kay wiñay kawsay kallaripi
rurayta kamaykuna tiyakunpi, Comision Castillo
de Ingapirka minkashkamanta (Fresco 1984:85).
Tawka taripaykunatami kay kuskamanta
rurashkakuna, shinami Balboa (2013) watapi
rurashka sumak kishkata, ashtawan alliyarichun
rikunakuna, shinaka wiñarichun sumak
rimaykuna kay wiñay kawsay kallaripi rurayta
kamaykuna, chaywanka ashka rikukkuna
shamuchun.
Escalera shinallatak Barriuso (1978) anta
imakuna kay kuskapi tarishkamanta shuk
taripayta rurashkakakuna.
Quille (2012) mashimi, yachaykunata rurashka
ñawpa cañariskunapak kawsay chashnallatak
wiñay kaysaymantapish, chaypimi rikuchin shuk
mushuk yuyayta wiñaykawsay sinchiyachun,
sumay rikunakuna, shuyutukumaykuna kay
Ingapirkapi:
May chikanmi kashka kay Cañari-Inca
wayruraykamayka, chayka rikurinmi
mana pakta imapish incakunamanta
Cañarikunapak kawsaypi yaykushka,
rikunallami kan Ingapirka rumi wasikunata
rikushpa yuyarinapak, ashtawankarin
hatun pushaykuna shinallatak yuyaysapa
cañarikuna kashkata luwakunawan. (Quille
2012:24).
Shukniki tantanakuypimi, wiñay kawsay kallari
rurayta kamakkuna Ecuadormanta shinallatak
Perumanta tantanakushpaka nishkakuna: “mana
allitak yachanchikchu kay hawaka”: pikunachari
kawsarka, imatachari mikukkunakarka, ima
yuyaytachari charirkakuna, imapakchari
Ingapirkataka rurarkakuna. (Garzón 2010:83).
Kay yuyaywan rikunchikmi, yupaykamayuk
taripashka yachayñanwanka mana taripanchu
runakunapak wiñaykawsay imashina
yupaykamaypi sinchiyakta” (Blanco-Álvarez
2006). Chaywanka ni tukunchikmi cañari-
incakunapak runa kawsaymantaka, tiyanmi
kay sumak wiñay kawsay kallaripi rurayta
kamay yupaykamay yachaykunapak hawapi
sinchiyashka, shinallatak sumay shuyutukamay,
chaymi rikuchin kay runakunaka sumay
wayruraykamayta rurashka, chaymantami
utkashpa taripana kan alli yuyaykunawan kay
sumak wiñay kawsay kallari rurayta kamay
taripashkakunamanta.
Chaymanta, kay taripay paktayka
rikuchishanin kakrikuchispa, imalla nipa
shuyutukamaykunatak hapirirka kay rikuna
wasi rurarichunka, chaywanka paktata
kamuktarinapak alli yupaykamay yuyayta
pikunatak kaypi kawsarkakuna.
Kay willaykillkapakka, mashkarishkami
taripaykunata kamuwasipi, shinalltak kay wiñay
kawsay kallaripi rurayta kamay wasimanta
taripashkakunaka rikurinmi wiñaykawsay
llankaykunalla, mana rikuchinchu yupaykamay
yuyayta - shuyutukamay yachaykunamantaka,
ashtawanpash awka yachaykunamanta,
kamachikmanta, apunchikmanta,
kuskayachaymanta, pachawallimanta,
ashtawankarin llakichik kawsaymanta, kay kipa
rikurika españolkuna chayamushka pachamanta,
shinapish; mana yachayta riripayashkachu
yupaykamay shuyutukamay yuyay rikuymanta,
ashtawankarin kayta paktana yuyaymi kan kay
llankayka.
YACHAYÑANA
Kay taripay sinchita paktachunka, kimirishkami
kay kuskina yachayñanpi, chaymantami
kallarirka chaypi chayashpa rikushkawan,
chayka rikuchirkami wiñay kawsay kallari
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rurayta kamay rikuykunata chay pampapi
shinallatak tariparirka unanchakunawan.
Kipapika, taripay rurarirkami killkakunamanta
ashtawan willaykunata kay yachay hawamanta
katipanapak.
Kipapika, kukirirkami nipakuna shuyutukamay
rikuymanta, chaypak ashkatami yanaparka
killkakunamanta taripashkakuna shinallatak
taripashka unanchakuna Google maps chaski
killaymanta, chaywanka tawka tukuchiykuna
kay hawa.
Riksichinimi, pakta yachay willaykunaka mana
shuyutupukamay nipakunamanta tiyashkata,
shinapash mana alli yuyay unanchata charinchu
kunan punchakunashina. Shinapash, kay
taripayta rurankapakka mamapachapi tiyashka
yachaykunatami sumakta rikurayashpa
rurarishka.
TARIPASHKAKUNA
SHINALLATAK RIMANAKUY
ALLPAMAMAYACHAY RIKUCHI
SHINALLATAK SAPSIKUNA
Ingapirka wiñay kawsay kallari rurayta kamay
wasi sakirinmi 2°32›26.21» S 78°52’26.43” O,
chay shuti llakta kuchullapi, kimsa karanka ishkay
patsak (3.200nm) tatki hatun kucha hawapi,
Cañar markapi, Cuenca hatunkitimantaka
kanchis pusak waranka tupullapi (78km).
Paypak millkaka kanmi chusku hectarias,
shinatapak Qhapaq Ñan ukupi kashkami rikurin
(Antipak antawañan) Cañari kawsaypimi sakirin
(500 D.C.), kay kuskaka may anchayupay
aknaymi kan, shinallatak Inca waki unanchami
kan, Peru mamallaktapi Macchu Picchushina
anchayupaymi kan (Shuyu 1).
Kallariy: Google maps
Shuyu 1: Ingapirca
Ingapirca llakta kallaripika karkami samarina
wasi shinallatak wallpayta paktana, paykunaka
inkakuna purunchishkami kashkakunakarka,
chaymantami paykunaka yachashkakarka
akna raymikunanata ruranata; iñinchikmi kay
ruraykunaka shuk waranka chusku patsak kanchis
(1470) watakunapi rurarishkata, inkakuna cañari
llaktaman chayashkapi (Cárdenas y Quinteros
2011:34).
Garzón (2010:84), kaytami nin; kunan
puncha imashinami kay shutipi riksinchik,
mana kallari shutichu kanakashka, shinaka
rikuchinmi Incakunapak rumishinalla, kay
shutitaka purunchik Españolkunami churashka
yachin harkarinamanta iñishpa, kipa shitipika
rikurinmi Castillo de Ingapirka shutiwan.
Kallari shutika shuktakmikana kan, cañari
kawsaywan tantarishpa, kipatami yankishka
españolkuna paykuna hatun hawaman kawsayta
rikuchinapak. Yachac Tomas Cungachi runaka
kashnami nin, Hatun Samay shutimi kanakarka,
Hatun aknanay wasi unanchami kana kashka.
Juan Salazar de Villasante runaka shinami
kaymantaka nishka, Hatun Cañar shutika shuk
waranka pichka patsak sukta chunka kimka
watan shinallatak shuk waranka pichka patsak
sukta chunka pichka (1563-1565) watakunapimi
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riksishka kashka, kipapika shuk waranka pichka
patsak sukta chunka ishkay (1582) watapi,
Cuenca llakta shinallatak paypak markawan
tantachikpi, kashnami willan: Hatun Cañar
shuti llaktami kaypi kan, kaywanka nishaninmi,
Cañaris Hatun markapashmi kan (Alcina
1978:31).
Fresco (1984:100) shinami nin, Huayna
Capac runaka kaypimi Tawantisuyu markapak
kamachik wasitaka shayachishka, apunchikpak
anchayupay paktachiwan churashka, kayka
Gran Elipse shinallatak Castillo chawpipimi kan
(Inti Apunchikpak Wasi Templo del Sol).
Yuyaymanta rurashka chaypi yuyashpa
wayruraykamaymanta José Ricardo Morales
kashnami nin, kay wayruraykamay ruraykunaka,
rikuchinmi chay pacha kawsak runakunata:
Kay Wasi rurashka millkapika pachatami
rikuchin, wayruraykamay pakta
kakpika sumak rurashkatami rikuchin,
shinallatak pi runakuna chay pachakunapi
kawsashkatapash riksichin, shinaka
chaypi kawsakkuna allpapi muhunkunata
churashpa kallaripi tantachishka,
llakta allpa chaypitak kashka rikurin,
chaymantami rikunchik mamallaktapak
aspik runakunata. (Morales 1984:191)
(Idrovo 1992) mashi shinami nin, wayruraykamay
ukupika, rumpata shina aspishkaka shukllami
kan tukuy Tahuantisuyupi, kay wasi rurashkaka
kanmi kimsa kanchis tatkikuna (37m) suniman,
chunka ishkay tatkikuna (12m) patakman,
chashnallatak kimsa tatki pichka wawa tatki
shinallatak chusku tatki hawaman (altura
variable de 3.5 m. y 4m.) rumikuna pirkawan
muyuchishka, chay hawapika ishkay ukukunami
tiyan kuntisuyo antisuyu chimpaman,
rumikunawan muyukta hawaman pirkashka
kashkamanta, rikuy tukunchikmi achikta tayta
inti wacharikta shinallatak washikuktapash,
chaymantami kay kuskataka aknanay kashkata
yachankuna, ashtawan awkayachaymanta
yallimi kan. (Cárdenas y Quinteros 2011:25)
Kawsana ukukunaka chuskushka suytuk
wallpaykunatami charishka rikurin shinallatak
aknaypak kuchullapi kashkamanta, rikurinmi,
kay wasikunaka aknata paktachik runakunapak
kashkata, chashnallatak chaypi aknanay
imakunata wakichinkapak rurarishka.
Shukniki wasiruraykamay shuyutaka Carlos
Condaminemi rurashka shuk waranka kanchis
patsak iskun chunka kimsa watakunapi (1793),
kay rurashkami kallariy hutkuta rurankapakka
yanapashka shuk waranka iskun patsak kanchis
chunka shuk (1971) warakunamanta, Jaramillo
nishpaka (citado por Cárdenas y Quinteros
2011).
WASIRURAY KAMAY
YACHAY NIPAKUNA SUMAK
KUSKAKAMAY WASIPI TIYASHKA
KUSKIKUNA
Shukniki allaykunapika mulukunatami
uku sikimanka tarishkakuna, shinallatak
rikurinmi imakunata wakichina ukushina,
chusku tatki patak (4m) ñan huchupi, kay
ñanka yuyayman apashka rikuchinmi Qhapac
Ñanchari nishpa hamuktarinkapak, yaku rina
larkapish kuchullapimi, chay larkami tukuy
wasi ukukunaman apan yakuta, kay rurashkaka
rikurinmi Macchu Pinchupi rurashkashina Peru
Mamallaktapi.
Wasikunaka hatun, uchillami kashka imakunata
wakichina rikuri huchupi. Wasikunaka rumpalla
muruwanmi chikanyan, shinallatak rumpalla
wasikunami tiyan, kay utkukunapi mikuna
murukunata wakichina kashkashina rikurin,
kay wasikuna chaypipimi katuna rantina pampa
tiyashka.
Ashtawanpash shuk rumipimi amaru
muyurishkata shuyushkami tiyakun, chaypimi
incakuna armak kashkanka yuyanchik, aknay
armayta rurashpa, kaypika kimsa chuskushka
yaku millkami tiyan, chaypimi yaku llukshina
larkakuna hapitukushka. Shuk yankachishka
rumpashina rumimi inti shutita shutishka
tiyakun.
Almeida (2011), Calle shinallatak Delgado
(2015), mashikuna ninkunami: kay wiñay
kawsay kallari rurayta kamay wasi ruray kamay
yachayka kay katik nipakunatami charin:
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☻Pilaloma: suytuk tantarishka wasi
ukukuna, hatun chawpi kancha
muyuntikpi, kayka ashtawan ñawpa
pachakunapimi rurashka kan.
☻Collcas: rumpashina rurashka ukukunaka
rikurinmi mikuna murukunata tukuy
runakunapak wakichina.
☻Aya pampana: shuk rumpalla tantarikta
pampashka, shuk rumika rikurinmi
pachawalli yupaywan chakrurishkashina
(Almeida 2011) shinami nin.
☻Atipak ñawpa wasi uku kutinrurashka:
shuk waranka iskun patsak iskun chunka
sukta (1996) watapimi rurashka, wiñay
kawsay kallari rurayta kamakkunamanta,
imashina chay pachakunapi wasikuna
kashkata rikuchina yuyaywan.
☻Aknay armay: iñinmi kay armayka
runakunapak aychata chuyayachinkapak
shinallatak pachakamakkunapak aknay
kashkata.
☻May hatun kancha: chawpi pampa
muyuntik may hatun kanchis wasikuna,
iñinchikmi hatuna wasikuna tiyashkata,
imallakunata rurashpa llankana
wasikuna.
☻Cañaris wasikuna: Kay wasikunaka
incakuna ñawpaman kawsana wasikuna
kashka rikurin.
☻Wakichiyukuna: tarishkakuna
turumanta rurashka hatun Incaica
mulukunata, rikurinmi huchulla
kawsak llaktakunawan rantinpayta
paktachinapak charishkashina.
☻Rumiwan rurashka ñan: shuk may uchilla
sumakyashka rumikunawan rurashka
ñan, Qhapac Ñan samipishchari kan,
aynay aymata rurashpa purinapak
mutsurishka.
☻Watapacha killa: ishkay chunka pusak
hutkuyuk rumi, watapacha killa
kashkashina, shuktak taripakkunaka
turuwan llankankapak ima kashkata
yuyankuna.
☻Kanchay kapakwasi: Kunan pachapika
Condamine shutiwan riksinchik, kaytaka
kallarik taripayta rurak runakunapak
shutita hatunyachinkapak, paykuna
apunchikpak wasita rurashkamanta.
Shina riksinchikmi, kay wasipika
hatun pushakkunalla kawsak kashkata,
shinallatak sumak kuytsa warmikuna
pachakamak intipak kurishkakuna,
kaytaka (Ayala 2008) Shina nin.
☻Akllawasi: pichka tantarishka wasikuna
shinallatak kimsapi chikanyashka
kanchakuna, shukka kunankama
may allimi kan, kay wasika hatun
allpayukpak wasichari karka, Cuenca
curiakunapak shina (Almeida 2011).
Kayka akllawarmikunapak wasimi
kashka nin, kay warmikunaka
incakakunapak churanakunatami
awakkuna kashka, shinallatak
apunchikpa akllashkakunapash,
chashnallatak mikunakunata yakukunata
alliyachinkapakmi kashka.
☻Aknay kancha: Putukuk wallpayuk hatun
pampa, apunchikta mañankapakmi
kashka yuyanchik, chaymanka achka
runakunami rik kashka. kaytaka (Ayala
2008) shinami nin.
☻Inti apunchikpak wasi: Rumpa wallpayuk
sinchi rumi, antisuyu kuntinsuyuta
rikuchik, rumpalla wallpayuk inti allpata
muyuk shina.
☻Wayku patapata: shuk patsak iskun
chunka shuk (191) patapatakuna
mayu rumimanta rurashka, apunchikta
mañawasiwan tantalla, cañarikuna
rurashkashina rikurin.
☻Ingachungana: Incakunapak pukllanata
riksishka, inkapak armana imapash, shuk
wakichina shinami, rumimanta rurashka,
tayta intita aknayta rurankapakmi kashka.
Kaytaka (Almeida 2011) shinami nin.
☻Zoomorfa rumi Charapa: Charapata
rurashka shina rumi, kawsay
llaktakunawan imakunata katunkapakmi
charishkakuna.
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☻Pushak Inca tiyarina: Sumak allichishka
rumi, amarushina, iñinchikmi incapak
tiyarina kashkata, kunan punchakunapika
ña mana maypi kallaripi tiyakuhkapika
tiyakunchu.
☻Inti wayku: shuk rumpa shuyumi,
pachamamamanta llukshishpa antawan
chakruchishpa rurashkami rikurin.
Kaytaka (Almeida 2011) Shina nin.
☻Incapak ñawi: rumiyashka sinchi
rumi, runapak ñawishina, runallatak
rurashkashina, manakashpaka
mamapachallatak rurashka shina.
Washington Francis Ching hatun yachanawasipi
yachachik, tawka wasi ruraykamaymanta
killkashkakunapi:ruranmikaypachatashinallatak
nikitapish, ishkayniki killkapika rikuchinmi
may sumak wallpay shuyutupukamaykunata.
Ching (2002:73) kashna nin: “Paktaypakmi kan
shuk hawalla tantachitarurana, maypika chikan
chinkancharikanka shuyutupukamaykunapi
shinallatak ñanta rikuchikunapi”.
SHUYUTUPUKAMAY NIPAKUNA
SUMAK KUSKAKAMAY WASIPI
TIYASHKA KUSKIY
Rikushpa kuskiska kipa, shinallatak
allpashuyukunapi yanapashkawan kay
yachaykunamanta hatarishishka yachyata shuk
waranka kanchis patsak iskun chunka kimsa
(1793) watapi, chaymi yanapashka rikchayta
allichinapak kunankama allita charinkapak,
kaytaka google maps shuyumanta surkushpami,
hawalla chikanyachispa rikuytukunchik
shuyutupukamay nipakunata;
☻Tiklla aspiy: Shukka tiklla larkapimi
rikurin, kayka tukuy suni pampata
yallishka, antisuyu chinchaysuyuman
rikurayasha (Fresco 1984: 86) shina nin.
Ñankunata ruraypika, wiñay kawsay
kallari rirayta kamay wasika rikuchinmi
tawka tikllakuna tiyaskta; patapatakunata
rurashkapi, allaypi tarishkata, rikuchinmi
shinallatak, tikllamanta aspik yachaypak
hawapi, paktachikunaka kashka ishkilaya
aspik tikllakuna yachayta, kaykunataka
wasi rurashkakunapi rikuytukunchik,
shinapash aspikkunaka pirka manyapimi
rikurin (shuyu 2). Fresco (1984),
kashna nin: kay kakka uriyashka shina
antisuyu hatun kanchakama uriyak
shinallatak puñuna wasi ukukunapapimi,
paktachiskakuna tawka larkakunapi
rikushka, chaymi incakuna kay uri
patata allichishpa shuk hatun uriyana
wichiyana patapatakunata rurashka
rikurin. Chaypakka rurashkakunami
tawka kishki purinakuna ñankunata,
hatun patakunata rumiwan chay kakka
uripi.
☻Pallkakuna: Kay hawa Fresco(1984:87)
kashnami nin. 80º pallkakunata
rikuytukunchik, kawsana wasipipash
shinallatak pirka chimpapi muyuk
pirkapipash. Chashnallatak suni
pampapimi 90º pallkakunata pirkapi
riksinchik (shuyu 2).
Kallariy:Killkakkunapa rikchay
Shuyu 2: Tiklla aspiy, pallkakuna
☻Suktuykuna: Kaymantaka Fresco (1984)
shinami nin, paypak Ingapirka allaymanta
killkashkapi: rikurishkami kay hatun
incaico wasika shuk wallpaymushina,
ashtawanka kay wasi ukukunaka (9.80
ashtawan 18.70 tatkikunatami charin)
shukka suni millka hatun pampaman,
kayshukka antisuyu kinkrayman sakirik.
Kay hapishkawanka riksinchikmi
shinallatak kay wasi punkukunapi,
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kaypi nishkashina: kay chushkushka
wasikunaka (1,45 ashtawan 1.50 tatkita
charin) pishka chunka wawa tatki
patakwan (50cm) kishki punkumanta
patapatawanmi tantarin. Antisuyu kichki
ñanpika uchilla sunichuskupallka hatun
wasikunami rikurin, kaymantaka (Alcina
Franch 1978:133) shinami nishka (shuyu
3).
Kallariy: Killkakkunapa rikchay
Shuyu 3: Suktuykuna, chuskushkakuna,
rumpakuna.
☻Chuskushkakuna: Kay
chuskushkakunataka wasi suyukunata
rurankapakmi hapik kashka, kaymantaka
Alcina (1978:133), shinami nin:
antisuyu kichki ñanka chuskushka wasi
ukumi, shuktak ishkay chuskushka
suktuykunapika paskashka pachatami
tarin, chayka continsuyumanmi llukshin.
Chawpi pampapimi chapak ukku rikurin,
kayka chuskushka wasi rurashkashinami
rikurin, ishkay suni pirkawan
chikanyashka kawsana wasikuna, sapan
wasi ukukuna ishkay sumakyachishka
imakunata charin, shukka antisuyuman
shuktakka kuntisuyuman (shuyu 3).
☻Kimsamanyachi: Uray pampapi
tantarishka wasikunaka
kimsamanyachiktami charin, shinallatak
Castillo charik wasika chikanmi
kan, kaymantaka (Alcina 1978:133)
shinami nin. Castillopimi shuk kawsana
wasimi tiyan, pirkaka suktuykunatami
charin, kimsamanyachiktashina,
kayka rikuchinmi shuyutukamay
yachayta, shinallatak paypak rurashpa
paktanakunatapish.
☻Pichkamanyachi ñallapaktay: rikuchunmi
chikan chikan wasi ukuta, kay
wasikunaka chunka pishka tatki (15m)
ashtawan chunka pusak tatkikunami
(18m) charin, shinallatak chunka shuk
tatki (11m) ashtawan pishka tatkikunata
(5m), chashnallatak ishka uchilla
sukta tatki pichka wawa tatkikunawan
(6,50cm) ashtawan chusku tatkikunawan
(4m) wasikunami kan.
☻Rumpalla winkupash: kallarika
rikunallami, Inti apunchikpak
rurashka wasipi, shinallatak kayka
hatun rumpallashinami kan. Kayka
shuktak incaicas wasikunamanta
chikanyachinmi. Winku unanchaka
ishkay shuyukunapi rikunchik, shuk
llawtu wikrutami charin hawaman,
chashnallatak muhunkunanata kanchis
shinallatak chushku wasikunawan.
☻Muyuntitakkuna, rumpallakuna:
Kaymantaka Fresco (1984) kashnami nin,
amuklla hawa kinkray kuskapi wakichina
ukukunapi sakirin shinallatak incaicas
hatun pampapash, rumiwan rurashka
ñan hanantinman, tariparishkami
pampa ukumanta shayachiska patakuna
shuk hatun muyuntikkuna shinallatak
rumpallakuna chashna shinalla
rurashkakuna, karuyachishkapish
ukunam rumikunawan rurashkamanta;
Canari Hatun pushakkunapak wasika
hatun pampa hawapimi, shuktak
rumpalla wasikunaka antisuyuman
llukshina kuskapimi kan, kaykunaka
ingapirka wakllirishka kuskapimi kan.
Kaymantaka Ziolkowski chashnallatak
Sadowaki shinami nishka:
Kayak yaykuna wasika <<rumpalla,
shuntur wallpaktami charin,
shuntur kashkaka antisuyumanmi
rikurin, shinami kinkrayman
kashka, ashtawan rikunchikmi
kimsa ñankunata kaykunaka mana
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allita tukuchishka uku tukuy
pampakunapi. >>. (Ziolkowski y
Sadowaki 1984:104)
☻Rumpakuna: allpaturuwan rurashka
imakunatami rikuytukunchik,
ashtawanpash machaykuypak
shimikunapi. Chawpi pampa samipika
hatun pampashka imakuna tiyashkatami
rikuchin. Kay pampashkaka kimsa
tatki chunka pichka wawa tatki (3,25
cm) rumpalla wallpaktami charin, kay
allpa muyuntikka hatun takiykunatami
rurankuna, ashtawanpash sukta chunka
tatki kanchis chunka tatkikunawan (60-
70) ashtawanpash shuk tatki chunka
wawa tatkikunawan (1,10) uraymanmi
allashka kan. Kaypika kimsa ñawishina
wasi muyuntin kashkami rikurin, kaypimi
chunka shuk runa tullukuna rikurishka,
chakikunaka chawpi hutkumanmi rikurik
kashka umakunapash kanchamami
rikurin. Kaymantaka (Alcina 1978:142)
shinami nishka (shuyu 3).
Sirik Castillo wasika, rumpallami
kashka, kayka kimsa chunka kanchis
tatki, chunka wawa tatkikunawan
(37,10cm) suni, chunka ishkay tatki,
kimsa chunka pichka wawa tatkikunawan
(12,35cm) patak, Graziano Gasparini
runataka yuyachinmi kimsa rumpa
shuktak aspikman chayakta chunka
ishkay tatki, kimsa chunka pishka wawa
tatkikuna (12,35cm), tatki chawpirumpa
wasirurashka shinami kipukamayuk
yupaykunata surkuk kashka, kaymantaka
(Gasparini y Margolies 1977; Alcina
1978:135) kashna ninkuna. Shinallatak
kaypika sirik rumpa rumi wasitami
tarinata ushanchik, mayu rumiwan
usnuyashkami kashka.
☻Putukuk: Kay hatun wasika suytuk
wallpaytami charin, shinapash putukuk
wallpaytami charin, kay wasika allpaman
katik kinkraymi kashka, ashtawanka
chinchasuyumanta antisuyumanmi
uriyan (Alcina 1978:136). Ziolkowski
shinallatak Sadowaki (1984:105)
shinami willankuna: kay wasika ishkay
wasi ukutami charin chikan wasi
yaykuytapash, kay wasikunaka chikanmi
kashka, sinchi pirkawan chikanyachishka.
Ishkantinmi sumak imakunata charin,
wasi ukupish wasi kanchapash,
putukukkuna sumakyashkami chikan
chikan llatukunata. Condamine runaka
kashnami nin, Castillo wasika antisuyu
kuskamanmi sakirin, kay “Castillo”
wasika hatun putukuk pampawanmi
chikanyan, shinapash shuk hatun
suytukmi tiyan kay shuktak wasi
ukukunapi (p. 107) shinapash Castillo
wasiman yaykunkapak punkutami charin
(shuyu 4).
Kallariy: Killkakkunapa richay
Shuyu 4: Putukuk, putikuna
☻Shuntur: kaymantaka Alcina (1978)
wasimanta rimashpaka kashnami nin:
kay tantarishka hatun wasika Castillo
shutitami charin, shinapash shuntur
wallpaytami charin, kashkami nin
(Gasparini y Margolies 1977: 303).
Shuntur wallpayka antisuyuman
rikurikllami kan, shinapash asha
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ariyaytami charin, shinallatak kimsa
mana tukurishka kichka purina ñantami
charin, chashnallatak kay tantarik wasika
sirik hawapimi rurashka kan.
☻Tutullukuna: kay kuskataka
allpaturumanta rurashka taripashkapimi
riksinchik.
Putikuna: Wasi pirkakunata rurankapakka
puti sinchi rumiwanmi rurakkuna kashka,
chaymantami kay rurashkakunaka kimsa
rikunalla manyakunata charinkuna,
kaymantaka paykuna riksik kashka
shinallatak wasichinkapak kimsa
rikunalla pachata hapikkuna kashka.
☻Paktasirikyashpikkuna: kay
wallpaykunataka Castillo wasiman
yaykuna punkukuna llawtupimi
tarina, shinallatak shuyutupukamay
nipakunatami riksik hapikkunakashka.
Shinapash yachayñan llankana
imakunawan llankakkuna kashkataka
mana riksik chayarinchu, shinapash
Macchu Picchu wasikunata rurashka
shinami rurak kashka, chaymantami
pakta pakta imapash rurarishka.
Mana tiyanchu pakta rikuchikuna wiñay kawsay
kallari rurayta kamaymanta, shinaka mana
achikllata rikuchinapak kay pampapi tiyashakata
rikunchik, chashnapash, rumiwan rurashka
rumpata shina rikunchik, shinallatak ashka
rumikunawan huntachishkatapish, shinaka
yuyayta tukuchitukunchik, tiyashkatakmi
kaypitak kashka yuyay nishpa. Ashtawan
riksitukunchikmi, wasikunata rurashkapi, pata
kinrikuna sumak lluchuklla llutashkata rikushpa,
kaymi riksichin imashina hillaykunata hapishpa
rurashkata.
Ashtawanpash, asha riksichiwan rikuchinata
ushanchik, paykunaka riksikkunami kashka
wasichinkapakka imallata hapina kashkata,
chaymantami pakta kashka yachaykunata
yachankuna, chaymanta pakta kashka yachayta
charinkuna, shinallatak Pilaloma kuskapi
rikunata ushanchik.
Puchukaypika, wiñay kawsay kallaripi rurayta
kamay wasita rurankapakka, riksikkunami
kashkanka tupuykunata; shinapash, mana
taripaytukushkanchikchu ima tupuykunawan
paykunaka rurashkata, shinapash mayhan
tupuykunata hapishpami rurashkakunakanka,
shinallatak sumakta rurashkamanta kay
yuyaymanmi chayanchik, tukuymi kan pakta
pakta illitak rurashka, kunan punchakamami
shayakun pichka patsak (500 años) watakunata
washawan rurashka kashpapash. Chaymantami
kay wasichimanta yachaykunata charishkata
yuyanchik, kay yachaykuna kaykunami: tupu,
tupuyachay, aspik, kay yachaykunawanmi
sumak sinchi wasita rurashkakuna. Shinami
imashina tupuyachaywan, chuskushkata
tupukkuna kashka, shinallatak tukuy tupuyta
rurashkakuna, shinapash mana yachanchikchu
imashina rurashkata.
TUKURIPIY CHURASHKA
YUYAYKUNA
Kuskiyta rurashka kipaka, ni tukunchikmi
uchillachishka yuyaypi, kay sumak
shuyutupukamay nipakuna hapitukushkata
kay Ingapirka wiñay kawsay kallaripi rurayta
kamay wasipi, kaykunami kan: tiklla aspik,
ishkayashka aspikuna, kinkrayashka aspikuna,
suytuk, kimsamanyachi, sunichuskupallkakuna,
putukukkuna, paktasirikyaspikkuna, muyuntik,
rumpa, rumpalla, shuyutupukamay. Shina
tupukunatami paktachishkakuna, shinami
kay shuyutupukamaykunata riksinaman
chayashkanchik: paktasirikaspikkuna,
tutullu, chuskushka, suytuk, utukukkuna,
kimsamanyachi, shuntur, muyuntitak, suni,
aspik, putikuna, wikru, patak, hawayarik
paktasirikyashpikkuna yachaykunata
yachashkanchik. Kaywanmi Cañari-inca
kawsaypacha yachaykunata riksihkanchik,
paykuna imashina shuyutupukamay yachaykuna
yachashkata, shinallatak kay yachaykunata
imashina wasichiy pachapi churashkatapash,
shinami kipukamayuk yachaykunata
paktachishkakuna.
Cañari-inca wiñay kawsay kallaripi rurayta
kamay wasita ruranapakka, hapishkakunami
SHUYUTUMAYKUNATA TARIPASHKA WIÑAY KAWSAY KALLARI RURAYTA KAMAY
INGAPIRKA RIKUNA WASIPI
kanka mayhan tupuykunata, yachayta
ushashpami kashna tupuykunawanka
rurashkanka, shinapish kay yachaypika mana
taripaytukushkanchikchu ima tukuytachari
hapishpa rurarkakuna. Shinapash rikurinmi
shuk ñan tupuyta katishpa rurashka, mana
shina rurasha mana kashna sumak wasikuna
rurarinmanchu karka imapish pakta, chashna
kashpami kunan punchakunakama tiyanku unay
watakunapi rurashka kashpapish.
Kay nishkakunawan, ashtawan taripashpa
katina, kamashpa rikurayana, shinaka shuktak
runakunaman willana hashtawan taripashpa
katichun, chaymanta kay yachaykunaka may
anchayupay kan, shinami kay yachaykunaka
ashtawan sinchiyashpa katinka. Shinallatak
precolombina kawsaymanta runakunapak
yachaykuna sinchiyarishpa katichun,
chaymantami kay rikuna wasikumanta ashtawan
taripashpa katina kan, shinami ima mana kaypi
killkashkata ashtawan yachashun, shinallami
apunchik wasi mashna pakta tupu charishkata
pakta yachashun riksishunpash.
DECLARACIÓN DE CONMFLICTO DE
INTERESES:
Kayta killkakkunami willankuna mana
ima shukpaklla mashkashpa makanakuyta
charinchikchu nishpa.
DECLARACIÓN DE CONTRIBUCIÓN DE
LOS AUTORES:
Roberto Salomón Villamarín Guevara (25%),
María José Villamarín Urquizo (25%), María
José Villamarín Urquizo (25%) y Bélgica
Marianela Ninabanda Tenelema (25%)
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